CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2018; 12(04): 532-539
DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_124_18
Original Article
Dental Investigation Society

Can probiotic cleaning solutions replace chemical disinfectants in dental clinics?

Farah Al-Marzooq
1   Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Shahad Al Bayat
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Farah Sayyar
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Hamdah Ishaq
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Husain Nasralla
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Rayan Koutaich
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
,
Sausan Al Kawas
2   Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
23 September 2019 (online)

ABSTRACT

Objectives: We aim to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic cleaning in a dental clinic at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah (UDHS), UAE. Materials and Methods: The current cleaning protocol of UDHS was evaluated by the surface swabbing of three dental clinics routinely cleaned using regular chemical disinfectants. Then, a new probiotic cleaning solution containing Bacillus subtilis was applied for 3 weeks in a selected clinic. Bacteria were grown onto selective culture media for colony counting from surfaces cleaned with probiotic solution compared to those obtained from the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. Isolates identity was confirmed by biochemical tests or polymerase chain reaction. Results: There was a significant reduction of the bacterial counts of various bacterial species (Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Gram-negative rods) from almost all the surfaces in the dental clinic after the application of the probiotic solution compared to the same surfaces cleaned with the regular chemical solutions. However, the antibiotic resistance rates were not significantly reduced within the short period of 3 weeks of using the new probiotic cleaning product. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the use of probiotic cleaning is effective in reducing microbial growth in dental settings. This approach may be tested further to examine the long-term effect and to evaluate the opportunity of applying this novel biotechnology as part of the infection control routine in dental settings instead of the chemical disinfectants which are known to cause serious health problems. This is the first study testing the application of probiotic-based solution in dental settings.

 
  • REFERENCES

  • 1 Caselli E, D' Accolti M, Vandini A, Lanzoni L, Camerada MT, Coccagna M. et al. Impact of a probiotic-based cleaning intervention on the microbiota ecosystem of the hospital surfaces: Focus on the resistome remodulation. PLoS One 2016; 11: e0148857
  • 2 Ibrahim NK, Alwafi HA, Sangoof SO, Turkistani AK, Alattas BM. Cross-infection and infection control in dentistry: Knowledge, attitude and practice of patients attended dental clinics in King Abdulaziz university hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10: 438-45
  • 3 Quinn MM, Henneberger PK, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Cleaning and Disinfecting in Healthcare Working Group. Braun B, Delclos GL, Fagan K. et al. Cleaning and disinfecting environmental surfaces in health care: Toward an integrated framework for infection and occupational illness prevention. Am J Infect Control 2015; 43: 424-34
  • 4 Caselli E. Hygiene: Microbial strategies to reduce pathogens and drug resistance in clinical settings. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10: 1079-83
  • 5 Piggot PJ. Bacillus subtilis . Schaechter M. Encyclopedia of Microbiology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Academic Press; 2009: 45-56 https: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739445000365 . [Last accessed on 2017 Dec 17]
  • 6 Westers L, Westers H, Quax WJ. Bacillus subtilis as cell factory for pharmaceutical proteins: A biotechnological approach to optimize the host organism. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1694: 299-310
  • 7 Ramachandran R, Chalasani AG, Lal R, Roy U. A broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014: 968487
  • 8 Vandini A, Temmerman R, Frabetti A, Caselli E, Antonioli P, Balboni PG. et al. Hard surface biocontrol in hospitals using microbial-based cleaning products. PLoS One 2014; 9: e108598
  • 9 Khalighi HR, Bakhtiari S, Radhi A, Mortazavi H, Namazi Z, Badri S. et al. Evaluation of infection control in dental clinics: Microbial isolation. Res J Biol Sci 2012; 7: 112-6
  • 10 Umar D, Basheer B, Husain A, Baroudi K, Ahamed F, Kumar A. et al. Evaluation of bacterial contamination in a clinical environment. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7: 53-5
  • 11 Delgado S, Arroyo R, Jiménez E, Marín ML, del Campo R, Fernández L. et al. Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from breast milk of women suffering infectious mastitis: Potential virulence traits and resistance to antibiotics. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 82
  • 12 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard. M02-A11. 7th ed.. Vol. 32 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500, Wayne, Pennsylvania 19087, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2012
  • 13 Fernandes CJ, Fernandes LA, Collignon P. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. Cefoxitin resistance as a surrogate marker for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55: 506-10
  • 14 Venâncio GN, Marques VH, Cestari Thiago F, deAlmeida ME, da Cruz CB. Microbial contamination of a university dental clinic in Brazil. Braz J Oral Sci 2016; 15: 248-51
  • 15 Khan HA, Ahmad A, Mehboob R. Nosocomial infections and their control strategies. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5: 509-14
  • 16 Paterson GK, Harrison EM, Holmes MA. The emergence of mecC methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Trends Microbiol 2014; 22: 42-7
  • 17 Smith AJ, Jackson MS, Bagg J. The ecology of Staphylococcus species in the oral cavity. J Med Microbiol 2001; 50: 940-6
  • 18 Kanazuru T, Sato EF, Nagata K, Matsui H, Watanabe K, Kasahara E. et al. Role of hydrogen generation by Klebsiella pneumoniae in the oral cavity. J Microbiol 2010; 48: 778-83
  • 19 Leão-Vasconcelos LS, Lima AB, Costa Dde M, Rocha-Vilefort LO, Oliveira AC, Gonçalves NF. et al. Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the oral cavity of workers in a Brazilian oncology hospital. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 57: 121-7
  • 20 Gaynes R, Edwards JR. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Overview of nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41: 848-54
  • 21 Wand ME. Bacterial Resistance to Hospital Disinfection. Modeling the Transmission and Prevention of Infectious Disease. Springer, Cham; 2017: 19-54 https://www.link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-60616-3_2 . [Last accessed on 2017 Dec 20]
  • 22 Joseph B, Dhas B, Hena V, Raj J. Bacteriocin from Bacillus subtilis as a novel drug against diabetic foot ulcer bacterial pathogens. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3: 942-6
  • 23 Stein T. Bacillus subtilis antibiotics: Structures, syntheses and specific functions. Mol Microbiol 2005; 56: 845-57
  • 24 Rodolfi A, Caselli E. Product for Cleaning, Sanitizing and Hygienization. 2016 http://www.google.com/patents/WO2016170479A1 . [Last accessed on 2017 Dec 31]