Critical arrhythmia in postoperative cardiac children: Recognition and management

Mohamed Salim Kabbani; Hayan Al Taweel; Nasib Kabbani; Saleh Al Ghamdi

doi:10.4103/ajm.AJM_14_17

Avicenna Journal of Medicine, Inhaltsverzeichnis

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Avicenna J Med 2017; 07(03): 88-95
DOI: 10.4103/ajm.AJM_14_17

REVIEW ARTICLE

Critical arrhythmia in postoperative cardiac children: Recognition and management

Mohamed Salim Kabbani

Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

,

Hayan Al Taweel

Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs; King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

,

Nasib Kabbani

College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

,

Saleh Al Ghamdi

Department of Cardiac Science, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

als PDF herunterladen

Abstract

Arrhythmias after pediatric cardiac surgery are common and can be life-threatening. They occur intraoperatively or may appear shortly after surgery during postoperative care. They require early management and specific intervention. In this review, we describe important critical arrhythmias that are encountered during postoperative management of children undergoing cardiac surgery. We review the diagnosis, management, and explain the role of epicardial electrocardiogram in diagnosing certain types of postoperative rhythm abnormalities seen during early period after pediatric cardiac surgery.

Keywords

Bradycardia - critical arrhythmia - pediatric cardiac surgery - tachycardia

PDF (2414 kb)

Referenzen

References
1 Talwar S, Patel K, Juneja R, Choudhary SK, Airan B. Early postoperative arrhythmias after pediatric cardiac surgery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2015;23:795-801.
2 Delaney JW, Moltedo JM, Dziura JD, Kopf GS, Snyder CS. Early postoperative arrhythmias after pediatric cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;131:1296-300.
3 Grosse-Wortmann L, Kreitz S, Grabitz RG, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Messmer BJ, von Bernuth G, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for perioperative arrhythmias in neonates and children after cardiopulmonary bypass: Continuous holter monitoring before and for three days after surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;5:85.
4 Anselmi A, Abbate A, Girola F, Nasso G, Biondi-Zoccai GG, Possati G, et al. Myocardial ischemia, stunning, inflammation, and apoptosis during cardiac surgery: A review of evidence. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004;25:304-11.
5 Skippen PW, Sanatani S, Gow RM, Froese N. Diagnosis of postoperative arrhythmias following paediatric cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2009;37:705-19.
6 Polderman KH, Girbes AR. Severe electrolyte disorders following cardiac surgery: A prospective controlled observational study. Crit Care 2004;8:R459-66.
7 Valsangiacomo E, Schmid ER, Schüpbach RW, Schmidlin D, Molinari L, Waldvogel K, et al. Early postoperative arrhythmias after cardiac operation in children. Ann Thorac Surg 2002;74:792-6.
8 He D, Sznycer-Taub N, Cheng Y, McCarter R, Jonas RA, Hanumanthaiah S, et al. Magnesium lowers the incidence of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in congenital heart surgical patients: Is there a relationship to surgical procedure complexity? Pediatr Cardiol 2015;36:1179-85.
9 Verma YS, Chauhan S, Gharde P, Lakshmy R, Kiran U. Role of magnesium in the prevention of postoperative arrhythmias in neonates and infants undergoing arterial switch operation. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010;11:573-6.
10 Kleinman ME, Chameides L, Schexnayder SM, Samson RA, Hazinski MF, Atkins DL, et al. Part 14: Pediatric advanced life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010;122 18 Suppl 3:S876-908.
11 Batra AS, Balaji S. Post operative temporary epicardial pacing: When, how and why? Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2008;1:120-5.
12 Cools E, Missant C. Junctional ectopic tachycardia after congenital heart surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2014;65:1-8.
13 Haas NA, Plumpton K, Justo R, Jalali H, Pohlner P. Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET). Z Kardiol 2004;93:371-80.
14 Klautz RJ, Baan J, Teitel DF. Contribution of synchronized atrial systole to left ventricular contraction in the newborn pig heart. Pediatr Res 1998;43:331-7.
15 Abdelaziz O, Deraz S. Anticipation and management of junctional ectopic tachycardia in postoperative cardiac surgery: Single center experience with high incidence. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2014;7:19-24.
16 Laird WP, Snyder CS, Kertesz NJ, Friedman RA, Miller D, Fenrich AL. Use of intravenous amiodarone for postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in children. Pediatr Cardiol 2003;24:133-7.
17 Kadam SV, Tailor KB, Kulkarni S, Mohanty SR, Joshi PV, Rao SG. Effect of dexmeditomidine on postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia after complete surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: A prospective randomized controlled study. Ann Card Anaesth 2015;18:323-8.
18 Chrysostomou C, Sanchez-de-Toledo J, Wearden P, Jooste EH, Lichtenstein SE, Callahan PM, et al. Perioperative use of dexmedetomidine is associated with decreased incidence of ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias after congenital cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 2011;92:964-72.
19 Adamson PC, Rhodes LA, Saul JP, Dick M 2nd, Epstein MR, Moate P, et al. The pharmacokinetics of esmolol in pediatric subjects with supraventricular arrhythmias. Pediatr Cardiol 2006;27:420-7.
20 Saul JP, Scott WA, Brown S, Marantz P, Acevedo V, Etheridge SP, et al. Intravenous amiodarone for incessant tachyarrhythmias in children: A randomized, double-blind, antiarrhythmic drug trial. Circulation 2005;112:3470-7.
21 Kardelen F, Celiker A, Ozer S, Ozme S, Oto A. Sinus node dysfunction in children and adolescents: Treatment by implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 26 patients. Turk J Pediatr 2002;44:312-6.
22 Pace Napoleone C, Mariucci E, Angeli E, Oppido G, Gargiulo GD. Sinus node dysfunction after partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147:1594-8.
23 Ayyildiz P, Kasar T, Ozturk E, Ozyilmaz I, Tanidir IC, Guzeltas A, et al. Pacing evaluation of permanent or transient complete heart block after open heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2016;39:160-5.
24 Graham TP Jr., Bernard YD, Mellen BG, Celermajer D, Baumgartner H, Cetta F, et al. Long-term outcome in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries: A multi-institutional study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:255-61.