Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 2013; 02(02): 131-137
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9167.118112
Review Article
Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.

Evolution of radiotherapy and chemotherapy practice in malignant gliomas

Anusheel Munshi
,
Sayan Paul

Subject Editor:
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
18 January 2017 (online)

Abstract

Malignant astrocytomas of the brain carry a poor prognosis. This article traces the evolution of radiotherapy and chemotherapy practice including the development of concurrent chemo-radiation schedules in the context of these tumors.

 
  • References

  • 1 Davis FG, Preston-Martin S, Bigner DD, McLendon RE, Bruner JM. Epiodemiology, incidence and survival. Russell and Rubinstein’s Pathology of Tumors of Central Nervous System. Publisher location: Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: Arnold; 1999. p 7
  • 2 Landis SH, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer statistics, 1999. CA Cancer J Clin 1999; 49: 8-31 1
  • 3 Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C. et al Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56: 106-130
  • 4 Schwartzbaum JA, Fisher JL, Aldape KD, Wrensch M. Epidemiology and molecular pathology of glioma. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006; 2: 494-503
  • 5 Radhakrishnan K, Mokri B, Parisi JE, O’Fallon WM, Sunku J, Kurland LT. The trends in incidence of primary brain tumors in the population of Rochester, Minnesota. Ann Neurol 1995; 37: 67-73
  • 6 Hart MG, Garside R, Rogers G, Stein K, Grant R. Temozolomide for high grade glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 4: CD007415
  • 7 Tseng JH, Merchant E, Tseng MY. Effects of socioeconomic and geographic variations on survival for adult glioma in England and Wales. Surg Neurol 2006; 66: 258-263
  • 8 Kleihues P, Cavenee WK. editors Pathology and genetics of tumours of thenervous system. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000
  • 9 Watanabe K, Tachibana O, Sata K, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. Overexpression of the EGF receptor and p53 mutations are mutually exclusive in the evolution of primary and secondary glioblastomas. Brain Pathol 1996; 6: 217-223
  • 10 Biernat W, Tohma Y, Yonekawa Y, Kleihues P, Ohgaki H. Alterations of cell cycle regulatory genes in primary (de novo) and secondary glioblastomas. Acta Neuropathol 1997; 94: 303-309
  • 11 Tohma Y, Gratas C, Biernat W, Peraud A, Fukuda M, Yonekawa Y. et al PTEN (MMAC1) mutations are frequent in primary glioblastomas (de novo) but not in secondary glioblastomas. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998; 57: 684-689
  • 12 Hermanson M, Funa K, Koopmann J, Maintz D, Waha A, Westermark B. et al Association of loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 17p with high platelet-derived growth factor alpha receptor expression in human malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 1996; 56: 164-171
  • 13 Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, Jenkins R, Brachman D, Buckner J. et al Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: Long-term results of RTOG 9402. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 337-343
  • 14 Yano S, Kuratsu J. Kumamoto Brain Tumor Research Group. Indications for surgery in patients with asymptomatic meningiomas based on an extensive experience. J Neurosurg 2006; 105: 538-543
  • 15 Laws ER, Parney IF, Huang W, Anderson F, Morris AM, Asher A. et al Survival following surgery and prognostic factors for recently diagnosed malignant glioma: Data from the Glioma Outcomes Project. J Neurosurg 2003; 99: 467-473
  • 16 Cloughesy T, Selch MT, Liau L. Brain. In: Haskell CM. editor Cancer Treatment. 5th ed Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co; 2001. p 1106-1142
  • 17 Walker MD, Alexander Jr E, Hunt WE, MacCarty CS, Mahaley Jr MS, Mealey Jr J. et al Evaluation of BCNU and/or radiotherapy in the treatment of anaplastic gliomas. A cooperative clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1978; 49: 333-343
  • 18 Bleehen NM, Stenning SP. A Medical Research Council trial of two radiotherapy doses in the treatment of grades 3 and 4 astrocytoma. The Medical Research Council Brain Tumour Working Party. Br J Cancer 1991; 64: 769-774
  • 19 Laperriere N, Zuraw L, Cairncross G. Cancer Care Ontario Practice Guidelines Initiative Neuro-Oncology Disease Site Group. Radiotherapy for newly diagnosed malignant glioma in adults: A systematic review. Radiother Oncol 2002; 64: 259-273
  • 20 Tsao MN, Mehta MP, Whelan TJ, Morris DE, Hayman JA, Flickinger JC. et al The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based review of the role of radiosurgery for malignant glioma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63: 47-55
  • 21 Souhami L, Seiferheld W, Brachman D, Podgorsak EB, Werner-Wasik M, Lustig R. et al Randomized comparison of stereotactic radiosurgery followed by conventional radiotherapy with carmustine to conventional radiotherapy with carmustine for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 93-05 protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 60: 853-860
  • 22 Laperriere NJ, Leung PM, McKenzie S, Milosevic M, Wong S, Glen J. et al Randomized study of brachytherapy in the initial management of patients with malignant astrocytoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41: 1005-1011
  • 23 Fiveash JB, Spencer SA. Role of radiation therapy and radiosurgery in glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer J 2003; 9: 222-229
  • 24 Walker MD, Green SB, Byar DP, Alexander Jr E, Batzdorf U, Brooks WH. et al Randomized comparisons of radiotherapy and nitrosoureas for the treatment of malignant glioma after surgery. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1323-1329
  • 25 Stewart LA. Chemotherapy in adult high-grade glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 12 randomised trials. Lancet 2002; 359: 1011-1018
  • 26 Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ. et al Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 987-996
  • 27 Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC. et al Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10: 459-466
  • 28 Stupp R, Hottinger AF, van den Bent MJ, Dietrich PY, Brandes AA. Frequently asked questions in the medical management of high-grade glioma: A short guide with practical answers. Ann Oncol 2008; 19 (Suppl. 07) vii 209-216
  • 29 Yamamoto H, Sato F, Nakamura O, Kohno T, Shitara N, Takakura K. et al Synchronization chemoradiotherapy for malignant gliomas. No Shinkei Geka 1984; 12: 795-780
  • 30 Sandberg-Wollheim M, Malmström P, Strömblad LG, Anderson H, Borgström S, Brun A. et al A randomized study of chemotherapy with procarbazine, vincristine, and lomustine with and without radiation therapy for astrocytoma grades 3 and/or 4. Cancer 1991; 68: 22-29
  • 31 Fine HA, Dear KB, Loeffler JS, Black PM, Canellos GP. Meta-analysis of radiation therapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant gliomas in adults. Cancer 1993; 71: 2585-2597
  • 32 Krishnasamy S, Vokes EE, Dohrmann GJ, Mick R, Garcia JC, Kolker JD. et al Concomitant chemoradiotherapy, neutron boost, and adjuvant chemotherapy for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Invest 1995; 13: 453-459
  • 33 van den Bent MJ, Carpentier AF, Brandes AA, Sanson M, Taphoorn MJ, Bernsen HJ. et al Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine improves progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas: A randomized European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 2715-2722
  • 34 Shibui S, Narita Y, Mizusawa J, Beppu T, Ogasawara K, Sawamura Y. et al Randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with nimustine (ACNU) versus nimustine plus procarbazine for newly diagnosed anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma (JCOG0305). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 71: 511-521
  • 35 Friedman GK, Spiller SE, Harrison DK, Fiveash JB, Reddy AT. Treatment of children with glioblastoma with conformal radiation, temozolomide and bevacizumab as adjuncts to surgical resection. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013; 35: e123-e126
  • 36 van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, Kros JM, Kouwenhoven MC, Delattre JY. et al Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: Long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 344-350
  • 37 McNamara MG, Sahebjam S, Mason WP. Anaplastic oligodendroglioma: Advances and treatment options. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2013; 15: 289-301
  • 38 Cage TA, Clark AJ, Aranda D, Gupta N, Sun PP, Parsa AT. et al A systematic review of treatment outcomes in pediatric patients with intracranial ependymomas. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11: 673-681
  • 39 Valtonen S, Timonen U, Toivanen P, Kalimo H, Kivipelto L, Heiskanen O. et al Interstitial chemotherapy with carmustine-loaded polymers for high-grade gliomas: A randomized double-blind study. Neurosurgery 1997; 41: 44-48
  • 40 Westphal M, Hilt DC, Bortey E, Delavault P, Olivares R, Warnke PC. et al A phase 3 trial of local chemotherapy with biodegradable carmustine (BCNU) wafers (Gliadel wafers) in patients with primary malignant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2003; 5: 79-88
  • 41 Westphal M, Ram Z, Riddle V, Hilt D, Bortey E. Executive Committee of the Gliadel Study Group. Gliadel wafer in initial surgery for malignant glioma: Long-term follow-up of a multicenter controlled trial. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148: 269-275
  • 42 Hart MG, Grant R, Garside R, Rogers G, Somerville M, Stein K. Chemotherapeutic wafers for High Grade Glioma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 3: CD007294
  • 43 Koshy M, Villano JL, Dolecek TA, Howard A, Mahmood U, Chmura SJ. etal Improved survival time trends for glioblastoma using the SEER 17 population-based registries. J Neurooncol 2012; 107: 207-212
  • 44 Lacroix M, Abi-Said D, Fourney DR, Gokaslan ZL, Shi W, DeMonte F. et al A multivariate analysis of 416 patients with glioblastoma multiforme: Prognosis, extent of resection, and survival. J Neurosurg 2001; 95: 190-198
  • 45 Malmstrom A, Grønberg BH, Marosi C, Stupp R, Frappaz D, Schultz H. et al Temozolomide versus standard 6-week radiotherapy versus hypofractionated radiotherapy in patients older than 60 years with glioblastoma: The Nordic randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 916-926
  • 46 Wick W, Platten M, Meisner C, Felsberg J, Tabatabai G, Simon M. et al Temozolomide chemotherapy alone versus radiotherapy alone for malignant astrocytoma in the elderly: The NOA-08 randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13: 707-715
  • 47 Dai XJ, Jiang WJ, Wang WM, Zhao SJ. Drug or vaccine?: Selecting the appropriate treatment for malignant glioma patients. Drugs 2010; 70: 1477-1486
  • 48 Hernandez-Pedro NY, Rangel-Lopez E, Magana-Maldonado R, de la Cruz VP, Santamaria Del Angel A, Pineda B. et al Application of nanoparticles on diagnosis and therapy in gliomas. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 351031
  • 49 Munshi A. Chloroquine in glioblastoma - New horizons for an old drug. Cancer 2009; 115: 2380-2383