CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · J Neurosci Rural Pract 2012; 03(02): 159-162
DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.98314
Review Article
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice

Higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion and ectomorphism: New biomarkers for human creativity in developing rural areas

Carlos V Rizzo-Sierra
1   Neuronikas Research Group, Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Bogota, Colombia
2   S-VYASA Yoga University, Division of Yoga and Physical Sciences, ICMR Center for Advanced Research in Yoga & Neurophysiology, Bangalore, India
,
Martha E Leon-S
3   Cibersalud, Tomodachi Foundation, Bogota, Colombia
,
Fidias E Leon-Sarmiento
4   Unit of Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Medi.ciencias - IPS Ramon & Cajal/Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia
5   Neuronikas Research Group, Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Smell and Taste Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
6   Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
13 November 2019 (online)

ABSTRACT

The highly sensitive trait present in animals, has also been proposed as a human neurobiological trait. People having such trait can process larger amounts of sensory information than usual, making it an excellent attribute that allows to pick up subtle environmental details and cues. Furthermore, this trait correlates to some sort of giftedness such as higher perception, inventiveness, imagination and creativity. We present evidences that support the existance of key neural connectivity between the mentioned trait, higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion, ectomorphism and creativity. The neurobiological and behavioral implications that these biomarkers have in people living in developing rural areas are discussed as well.

 
  • References

  • 1 Aron EN. The highly sensitive person (HSP), how to thrive when the world overwhelms you. London: Harper Collins Publishers; 2003
  • 2 Ketay S, Hedden T, Aron A, Aron EN, Rose-Markus H, Gabrieli JD, Memphis TN. Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. 2007 The personality/temperament trait of high sensitivity: fMRI evidence for independence of cultural context in attentional processing
  • 3 Aron EN, Aron A. Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 73: 345-68
  • 4 Aron EN. Revisiting Jung′s concept of innate sensitiveness. J Anal Psychol 2004; 49: 337-67
  • 5 Aron EN. High sensitivity as one source of fearfulness and shyness: Preliminary research and clinical implications. In: Schmidt LA, Schulkin J. editors Extreme fear, shyness and social phobia: Origins, biological mechanisms, and clinical outcomes. New York: Oxford University Press; 1999: p. 251-272
  • 6 Kagan J, Snidman N. The long shadow of temperament. Washington DC: U.S. Library of Congress; 2004
  • 7 Benus RF, Koolhaas JM, van Oortmerssen GA. Individual differences in behavioural reaction to a changing environment in mice. Behaviour 1987; 100: 105-22
  • 8 Wolf M, van Doorn GS, Weissing FJ. Evolutionary emergence of responsive and unresponsive personalities. Evolutionary emergence of responsive and unresponsive personalities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105: 15825-30
  • 9 Belsky J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH. For better and for worse: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2007; 16: 300-4
  • 10 Sih A, Bell AM, Johnson JC, Ziemba RE. Behavioral syndromes: An integrative overview. Q Rev Biol 2004; 79: 241-77
  • 11 Koolhaas JM, De Boer SF, Coppens CM, Buwalda B. Neuroendocrinology of coping styles: Towards understanding the biology of individual variation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2010; 31: 307-21
  • 12 Proppe DS, Sturdy CB, St Clair CC. Flexibility in animal signals facilitates adaptation to rapidly changing environments. PLoS One 2011; 6: 1-4
  • 13 Rizzo-Sierra CV. Ayurvedic genomics, constitutional psychology and endocrinology: The missing connection. J Altern Complement Med 2011; 17: 1-4
  • 14 Verbeek ME, Drent PJ, Wiepkema PR. Consistent individual differences in early exploratory behavior of male great tits. Anim Behav 1994; 48: 1113-21
  • 15 Costantini D, Carere C, Caramaschi D, Koolhaas JM. Aggressive and non-aggressive personalities differ in oxidative status in selected lines of mice (Mus musculus). Biol Lett 2008; 4: 119-22
  • 16 Audet MC, Anisman H. Neuroendocrine and neurochemical impact of aggressive social interactions in submissive and dominant mice: Implications for stress-related disorders. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 13: 361-72
  • 17 Aron A, Ketay S, Hedden T, Aron EN, Rose-Markus H, Gabrieli JD. Temperament trait of sensory processing sensitivity moderates cultural differences in neural response. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2010; 5: 219-26
  • 18 Herbener ES, Kagan J, Cohen M. Shyness and olfactory threshold. Pers. Individ. Dif 1989; 10: 1159-63
  • 19 Sheldon WH. The Varieties of human physique: An introduction to constitutional psychology. New York: Harper; 1940
  • 20 Sheldon WH. Atlas of men. New York: Macmillan: 1970
  • 21 Frawley D, Ranade S. Ayurveda, nature′s medicine. New York: Lotus Press; 2001
  • 22 Jagiellowicz J, Xu X, Aron A, Aron EN, Cao G, Feng T. et al The trait of sensory processing sensitivity and neural responses to changes in visual scenes. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 6: 38-47
  • 23 Leon-Sarmiento FE, Gutierrez C, Bayona-Prieto J. Functional neurological evaluation of the brainstem. Part I: the blink reflex. Iatreia 2009; 22: 372-81
  • 24 Leon-Sarmiento FE, Hernandez HG, Schroeder N. Abnormal tactile discrimination and somatosensory plasticity in familial primary hyperhidrosis. Neurosci Lett 2008; 441: 332-4
  • 25 Croy I, Springborn M, Lotsch J, Johnston AN, Hummel T. Agreeable smellers and sensitive neurotics-correlations among personality traits and sensory thresholds. PLoS One 2011; 6: 1-9
  • 26 Hassler M. Testosterone and musical talent. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1991; 98: 89-98
  • 27 Wassermann EM, Greenberg BD, Nguyen MB, Murphy DL. Motor cortex excitability correlates with an anxiety-related personality trait. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 50: 377-82
  • 28 Carson SH. Creativity and psychopathology: A shared-vulnerability model. Can J Psychiatry 2011; 56: 144-53
  • 29 Carson SH. The unleashed mind. Sci Am Mind 2011; 22: 22-9
  • 30 Byron K, Khazanchi S. A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship of state and trait anxiety to performance on figural and verbal creative tasks. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2011; 37: 269-83
  • 31 Carson SH, Peterson JB, Higgins DM. Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals. J Pers Soc Psychol 2003; 85: 499-506
  • 32 Rizzo-Sierra CV, Duran MC, Leon-Sarmiento FE. Highly sensitive trait and ectomorphism: Another link on creativity and psychopathology. Can J Psychiatry 2011; 56: 702-3
  • 33 Gómez AM, Godoy G, García D, Leon-Sarmiento FE. Amor y violencia: Otro coctel Neuropatológico en el siglo XXI. Salud Uninorte 2009; 25: 350-361
  • 34 Aggarwal S, Negi S, Jha P, Singh PK, Stobdan T, Qadar Pasha MA. et al EGLN1 involvement in high-altitude adaptation revealed through genetic analysis of extreme constitution types defined in Ayurveda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107: 18961-6
  • 35 Carreiras M, Seghier ML, Baquero S, Estévez A, Lozano A, Devlin JT. et al An anatomical signature for literacy. Nature 2009; 461: 983-6
  • 36 Rojas A, Rizzo-Sierra CV, Leon-Sarmiento FE. Ayurvedic gender differences revisited. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18: 205-6
  • 37 McCarty DE, Carrubba S, Chesson AL, Frilot C, Gonzalez-Toledo E, Marino AA. Electromagnetic, hypersensitivity: evidence for a novel neurological syndrome. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121: 670-6