Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Indian J Radiol Imaging 2017; 27(01): 23-32
DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.202967
Thoracic Imaging

Infectious pneumonia in the immunocompetent host: What the radiologist should know

Rohini G Ghasi
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
,
Sunil Bajaj
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
› Author Affiliations Financial support and sponsorship Nil.
› Further Information
  PDF Download Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Lung infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly because of the rising antimicrobial resistance. According to the clinical setting, they can be categorized as community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Radiological patterns of lung infections are lobar consolidation, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pattern, and nodular pattern. In addition, typical imaging features of several infections serve as “red flag signs” in reaching a diagnosis or altering the management. It would be prudent for the radiologist to be well informed regarding these aspects of lung infections to be able to make a valuable contribution to the management.

Keywords

Imaging - immunocompetent - lung infections - pneumonia - radiological signs


Publication History

Article published online:
27 July 2021

© 2017. Indian Radiological Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial-License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd.
A-12, Second Floor, Sector -2, NOIDA -201301, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Ghanshani R, Gupta R, Gupta B, Kalra S, Khedar R, Sood S. Epidemiological study of prevalence, determinants, and outcomes of infections in medical ICU at a tertiary care hospital in India. Lung India 2015;32:441.
  • 2 Mandell L, Wunderink R, Anzueto A, Bartlett J, Campbell G, Dean N, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27-72.
  • 3 Gupta D, Agarwal R, Aggarwal A, Singh N, Mishra N, Khilnani G, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of community-and hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Joint ICS/NCCP(I) recommendations. Lung India 2012;29:27.
  • 4 Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Hospital-acquired, Ventilator-associated, and Healthcare-associated Pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:388-416.
  • 5 Dandagi G. Nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Lung India 2010;27:149.
  • 6 Dhar R. Pneumonia: Review of guidelines. JAPI 2012;60:25-8.
  • 7 Reynolds J, Mcdonald G, Alton H, Gordon S. Pneumonia in the immunocompetent patient. Br J Radiol 2010;83:998-1009.
  • 8 Nambu A, Ozawa K, Kobayashi N, Tago M. Imaging of community-acquired pneumonia: Roles of imaging examinations, imaging diagnosis of specific pathogens and discrimination from noninfectious diseases. World J Radiol 2014;6:779.
  • 9 Kuhajda I, Zarogoulidis K, Tsirgogianni K, Tsavlis D, Kioumis I, Kosmidis C. Lung abscess-etiology, diagnostic and treatment options. Ann Transl Med 2015;3:183.
  • 10 Bradley J, Byington C, Shah S, Alverson B, Carter E, Harrison C, et al. The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:e25-76.
  • 11 Reittner P, Müller N, Heyneman L, Johkoh T, Park J, Lee K, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia. AJR 2000;174:37-41.
  • 12 Miller W, Mickus T, Barbosa E, Mullin C, Van Deerlin V, Shiley K. CT of Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Adults: Comparison Among Viral Organisms and Between Viral and Bacterial Infections. AJR 2011;197:1088-95.
  • 13 Cesario T. Viruses Associated With Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2012;55:107-13.
  • 14 Franquet T. Imaging of Pulmonary Viral Pneumonia. Radiology. 2011;260(1):18-39.
  • 15 Tasaka S. Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Adults and Adolescents: Current Concepts and Future Directions. Clin Med Insights 2015;9(S1):19-28.
  • 16 Marchiori E, Zanetti G, D'Ippolito G, Verrastro C, de Souza Portes Meirelles G, Capobianco J et al. Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Viral Infection: Thoracic Findings on CT. AJR 2011;196:W723-8.
  • 17 Kloth C, Forler S, Gatidis S, Beck R, Spira D, Nikolaou K, et al. Comparison of chest-CT findings of Influenza virus-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent vs. immunocompromised patients. Eur J Radiol 2015;84:1177-83.
  • 18 Martínez S, Restrepo C, Carrillo J, Betancourt S, Franquet T, Varón C, et al. Thoracic Manifestations of Tropical Parasitic Infections: A Pictorial Review. RadioGraphics 2005;25:135-55.
  • 19 Beigelman-Aubry C, Godet C, Caumes E. Lung infections: The radiologist's perspective. Diagn Intervent Imaging 2012;93:431-40.
  • 20 Franquet T, Müller N, Giménez A, Guembe P, de la Torre J, Bagué S. Spectrum of Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Histologic, Clinical, and Radiologic Findings1. RadioGraphics 2001;21:825-37.
  • 21 Walker C, Abbott G, Greene R, Shepard J, Vummidi D, Digumarthy S. Imaging Pulmonary Infection: Classic Signs and Patterns. Am J Roentgenol 2014;202:479-92.
  • 22 Menon B. Serpentine calcification: A radiological stigma. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2011;2:203.
  • 23 Fishman JPrimack S. Thoracic imaging in the intensive care unit [Internet]. Appliedradiology.com. 2005 [accessed 27 July 2016]. Available from: http://www.appliedradiology.com.
  • 24 Khan A, Hamdan A, AL-Ghanem S, Alaa G. Reading chest radiographs in the critically ill (Part II): Radiography of lung pathologies common in the ICU patient. Ann Thorac Med 2009;4:149.
  • 25 Sheard S, Rao P, Devaraj A. Imaging of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Resp Care 2012;57:607-12.
  • 26 Lee K, Kim Y, Han J, Ko E, Park C, Primack S. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma: Clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic findings. Radio Graphics 1997;17:1345-57.