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CC BY 4.0 · AIMS Genet 2017; 04(01): 032-046
DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.1.32
Review

A search for the common ground between Tic; Obsessive-compulsive and Autism Spectrum Disorders: part I, Tic disorders

Jarrett Barnhill
1   Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
,
James Bedford
1   Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
,
James Crowley
1   Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
2   Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
3   Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Takahiro Soda
1   Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Abstract

This article is the first of four articles designed to explore the complex interrelationship between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); Obsessive compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRD) and Tic Disorders/Tourette's Syndrome (TD/TS). We begin with an overview TD/TS and follow-up with reviews of OCRD and ASD. The final article in this series represents a synthesis of the neurobiological and genetic markers shared by patients presenting with all three syndromes. The goal is to describe the complex endophenotype of these patients in an effort to better define gene markers that underlie these heterogeneous clinical syndromes. Tic disorders (TD) are a collection of hyperkinetic movements that begin in early childhood. Tics are transient for most affected preschool children but a subgroup development persistent movements or progress to develop Tourette Syndrome (TS). TDs as a group display high heritability rates but definitive gene markers still elude us. The difficulty defining genetic markers is in large part due to the diverse neurodevelopmental trajectory, changing topography and typology, development of a broad spectrum of neurocognitive and behavioral complications, and a mixed pattern of psychiatric comorbidities.

Keywords

Tics - movement disorders - neurobiology - genetics - endophenotypes


Publication History

Received: 30 November 2016

Accepted: 09 February 2017

Article published online:
10 May 2021

© 2017. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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