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J Am Acad Audiol 2019; 30(04): 282-292
DOI: 10.3766/jaaa.17079
Articles
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

An Epidemiologic Study of the Association between Free Recall Dichotic Digits Test Performance and Vascular Health

Mary E. Fischer
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Karen J. Cruickshanks
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
†   Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Lauren K. Dillard
‡   Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
David M. Nondahl
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Barbara E. K. Klein
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Ronald Klein
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
James S. Pankow
§   Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
,
Ted S. Tweed
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Carla R. Schubert
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Dayna S. Dalton
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
,
Adam J. Paulsen
*   Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
26 May 2020 (online)

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Abstract

Background:

Associations between vascular health–related factors and hearing loss defined using audiometric pure-tone thresholds have been found. Studies have not focused on a potential relationship between vascular health–related factors and central auditory processing.

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate, on a population level, the relationship of vascular health–related factors with central auditory function.

Research Design:

A cross-sectional, population study.

Study Sample:

Subjects were participants in the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study (EHLS) or the Beaver Dam Offspring Study (BOSS)—prospective studies of aging and sensory loss. BOSS participants were the adult offspring of participants in the EHLS. Participants who completed the Dichotic Digits Test (DDT) during the fourth examination period of the EHLS (2008–2010) or the second examination period of the BOSS (2010–2013) were included (n = 3,655, mean age = 61.1 years).

Data Collection and Analysis:

The DDT-free recall test was conducted using 25 sets of triple-digit pairs at a 70 dB HL presentation level. The total number of correctly repeated digits from the right and left ears was converted to a percentage correct and used as an outcome. The percentage correct in the left ear was subtracted from the percentage correct in the right ear and used as an outcome. Vascular health–related measures obtained during the examination included blood pressure, mean carotid intima-media thickness, femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), hemoglobin A1C, and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and, in the EHLS participants, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Information on vascular health–related history and behaviors was self-reported. General linear modeling produced estimates of the age- and sex-adjusted least squares means for each vascular factor, and multiple linear regression was used for multivariable modeling of each outcome.

Results:

After multivariable adjustment, participants with diabetes had a significantly lower (worse) mean DDT-free recall total score (−2.08 percentage points, p < 0.001) than those without diabetes. Participants who exercised at least once per week had a significantly higher (better) mean DDT-free recall total score (+1.07 percentage points, p < 0.01) than those who did not exercise at least once per week. Alcohol consumption was associated with a higher DDT-free recall total score (+0.15 percentage points per +25 g ethanol, p < 0.01). In multivariable modeling of the right–left ear difference in DDT-free recall scores, participants with a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or higher PWV demonstrated significantly larger differences (CVD: +3.11 percentage points, p = 0.02; PWV: +0.36 percentage points per 1 m/sec, p < 0.01). Higher levels of non-HDL cholesterol were associated with smaller right–left ear differences (−0.22 percentage points per 10 mg/dL, p = 0.01). Adjustment for handedness did not affect the results.

Conclusions:

Vascular health–related factors may play a role in central auditory function.

Key Words

central auditory function - dichotic listening tests - epidemiology - vascular health–related factors

The project described was supported by Award Numbers R37AG011099 and R01AG021917 from the National Institute on Aging (to K. J. Cruickshanks), Award Number EY06594 from the National Eye Institute (to R. Klein and B. E. K. Klein), and by unrestricted funds from Research to Prevent Blindness (RPB). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health.


 

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