Total knee replacement in a dog with a non-union type B3 tibial plateau fracture

Summary

A six-year-old German Shorthaired Pointer was presented with a 12 month history of left pelvic limb lameness following trauma. Clinical examination revealed marked thickening and reduced range-of-motion of the left stifle and radiographs were suggestive of a nonunion type B3 tibial plateau fracture with severe secondary osteoarthritis. Total knee replacement was performed with adjunctive stabilization of the proximal tibial fracture fragment. Clinical follow-up at six and 12 months with quantitative gait analysis revealed significant improvement in limb function.

Keywords

Canine - knee replacement - osteoarthritis - proximal tibial fracture

• References

• 1 Robins GM. The canine stifle joint. In: Whittick WG. editor. Canine Orthopaedics. Malvern: Lea and Febiger; 1990. pg. 1990-417.
• 2 Conzemius MG, Hill CM, Smith GK. Morphometric analysis of the canine stifle and its relationship to the development of a total knee replacement [Abstract]. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1997 10. 72.
• 3 Colborne GR, Good L, Cozens LE. et al. Symmetry of hind limb mechanics in orthopedically normal trotting Labrador Retrievers. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72: 336-344.
• 4 Ragetly CA, Griffon DJ, Hsu MK. et al. Kinetic and kinematic analysis of the right hind limb during trotting on a treadmill in Labrador Retrievers presumed predisposed or not predisposed to cranial cruciate ligament disease. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73: 1171-1177.
• 5 Allen MJ, Leone KA, Lamonte K. et al. Cemented total knee replacement in 24 dogs: surgical technique, clinical results, and complications. Vet Surg 2009; 38: 555-567.
• 6 Allen MJ. Advances in total joint replacement in small animals. J Small Anim Pract 2012; 53: 495-506.
• 7 Phillips IR. A survey of bone fractures in the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract 1979; 20: 661-674.
• 8 Unger M, Montavon PM, Heim UFA. Classification of fractures of the long bones in the dog and cat: Introduction and clinical application. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1990; 3: 41-50.
• 9 Johnson JA, Austin C, Bruer GJ. Incidence of canine appendicular musculoskeletal disorders in 16 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1980 through 1989. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1994; 7: 56-69.
• 10 Llinas A, McKellop HA, Marchall GJ. et al. Healing and remodelling in a rabbit fracture model. J Bone Joint Surg 1993; 75: 1508-1523.
• 11 Furman BD, Strand J, Hembree WC. et al. Joint degeneration following closed intraarticular fracture in the mouse knee: A model of posttraumatic arthritis. J Orthop Res 2007; 25: 578-592.
• 12 Gordon WJ, Besancon MF, Conzemius MG. et al. Frequency of post-traumatic osteoarthritis in dogs after repair of a humeral condylar fracture. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2003; 16: 1-5.
• 13 Liska WD, Doyle ND. Canine total knee replacement: surgical technique and one year outcome. Vet Surg 2009; 38: 568-582.
• 14 Liska WD, Marcellin-Little DJ, Eskelinen EV. et al. Custom total knee replacement in a dog with femoral condylar bone loss. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 293-301.
• 15 Eskelinen EV, Liska WD, Hyytiäinen HK. et al. Canine total knee replacement performed due to osteoarthritis subsequent to distal femur fracture osteosynthesis: two-year objective outcome. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012; 25: 427-432.
• 16 Roffi RP, Merritt PO. Total knee replacement after fracture about the knee. Orthop Rev 1990; 19: 614-620.
• 17 Goldberg VM, Figgie MP, Figgie HE. et al. Use of a total condylar knee prosthesis for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Long term results. J Bone Joint Surg 1988; 70: 802-811.
• 18 Scuderi GR, Insall JN, Windsor RE. et al. Survivorship of cemented knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg 1989; 71: 798-803.
• 19 Weiss NG, Parvizi J, Trousdale RT. et al. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with a prior fracture of the tibial plateau. J Bone Joint Surg 2003; 85: 218-221.