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Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2014; 27(02): 120-123
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-13-04-0046
Original Research
Schattauer GmbH

Measurements of normal joint angles by goniometry in calves

Ö Şengöz Şirin
1   Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Veterinary Faculty, Surgery Department, Burdur, Turkey
,
M. Timuçin Çelik
1   Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Veterinary Faculty, Surgery Department, Burdur, Turkey
,
A. Özmen
1   Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Veterinary Faculty, Surgery Department, Burdur, Turkey
,
S. Avki
1   Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Veterinary Faculty, Surgery Department, Burdur, Turkey
› Author AffiliationsWe thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Safa Gürcan (Ankara University Veterinary Faculty) for their kindly assistance with the statistical analysis.
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 12 April 2013

Accepted: 15 January 2013

Publication Date:
20 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

Objective

The aim of this study was to establish normal reference values of the forelimb and hindlimb joint angles in normal Holstein calves.

Methods

Thirty clinically normal Holstein calves that were free of any detectable musculoskeletal abnormalities were included in the study. A standard transparent plastic goniometer was used to measure maximum flexion, maximum extension, and range-of-motion of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints. The goniometric measurements were done on awake calves that were positioned in lateral recumbency. The goniometric values were measured and recorded by two independent investigators.

Results

As a result of the study it was concluded that goniometric values obtained from awake calves in lateral recumbency were found to be highly consistent and accurate between investigators (p <0.05).

Clinical significance

The data of this study acquired objective and useful information on the normal forelimb and hindlimb joint angles in normal Holstein calves. Further studies can be done to predict detailed goniometric values from different diseases and compare them.

Keywords

Calf - joint angle - range-of-motion - goniometry
 

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