Download PDF
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21(04): 368-374
DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-07-06-0058
Clinical Communication
Schattauer GmbH

Surgical treatment of shoulder instability

A retrospective study on 76 cases (1993–2007)
B. Pucheu
1   Saint Maur Veterinary Clinic, La Madeleine, France
,
B. Duhautois
1   Saint Maur Veterinary Clinic, La Madeleine, France
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 06 June 2007

Accepted 11 February 2007

Publication Date:
19 December 2017 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

Summary

This study evaluates 76 cases of shoulder instability in dogs, functional outcome after treatment, and the effectiveness of medial biceps tendon transposition using a metallic staple. Clinical examinations of the shoulder were performed and radiographs were taken. Conservative treatment or surgery (biceps tendon transposition or arthrodesis) was then opted for on the basis of type of instability, associated lesions and dog (age, weight, behaviour). Long-term functional outcome was categorized as ‘excellent’, ‘good’, ‘average’ or ‘poor’. In our series, the most frequently affected breed was the Poodle (13%). Humeral head intermitent displacement was either medial (80%), lateral (19%) or cranial (1%). On clinical examination, 97% of the animals experienced pain. In anaesthetised dogs, shoulder instability was observed in 90% of the population. Muscle atrophy (33%) and associated radiographic lesions (34%) were less frequent. Ninety-five percent of the dogs were treated surgically, either by bicipital tendon transposition (81%) or by shoulder arthrodesis (19%). Results were ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ in 25% of the animals treated conservatively, and in 84.5% and 87.5%, respectively, in those treated by tendon transposition and arthrodesis. Complications did not arise from the use of a metallic staple to anchor the tendon during medial transposition. Tendon transposition or arthrodesis resulted in a good functional outcome in more than 80% of the dogs with shoulder instability. During the medial transposition, the biceps tendon was easily and effectively stabilized using a metallic staple.

Keywords

Shoulder - instability - tendon transposition
 

  • References

  • 1 Bardet JF. Diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs and cats: a retrospective study.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1998; 34: 42-54.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Talcott KW, Vasseur PB. Luxation of scapulohumeral joint.. In: Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, 3rd ed. Slatter DH (ed). Philadelphia: WB. Saunders: 2003: 1897-1904.
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Ullman S, Todoroff RJ. Shoulder.. In : Bojrab MJ (ed). Current techniques in small animal surgery, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger: 1998: 1063-1068.
    Google Scholar
  • 4 Akerblom S, Sjöström L.. Evaluation of clinical, radiographical and cytological findings compared to arthroscopic findings in shoulder joint lameness in the dog.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 136-141.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Cook JL, Renfro DC, Tomlinson JL. et al. Measurement of angles of abduction for diagnosis of shoulder instability in dogs using goniometry and digital image analysis.. J Vet Surg 2005; 34: 463-468.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Puglisi TA, Tanger CH, Green RW. et al. Stress radiography of the canine humeral joint.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24: 235-240.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Abrams JS, Savois FH, III Tauro JC. et al. Recent advances in the evaluation and treatment of shoulder instability: anterior, posterior and multidirectional.. Arthroscopy 2002; 18: 1-13.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Holsworth IG, Schulz KS, Ingel K. Cadaveric evaluation of canine arthroscopic bicipital tenotomy.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2002; 15: 215-222.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Lehmann M, Lehmann K. Modification of the triangulation technique for arthroscopy of the canine shoulder joint using a new target device.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2004; 17: 1-8.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Martini FM, Pinna S, Del Bue M. A simplified technique for diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the shoulder joint in the dog.. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43: 7-11.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Van Ryssen B, Van Bree H, Vyt P. Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint in the dog.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1993; 29: 101-105.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Schaefer SL, Forrest LJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of the canine shoulder: an anatomic study.. J Vet Surg 2006; 35: 721-728.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Vasseur PB. Clinical results of surgical correction of shoulder luxation in dogs.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1983; 182: 503-505.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Mitchell RA, Innes JF. Lateral glenohumeral ligament rupture in three dogs.. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 31: 181-192.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 O’Neill T, Innes JF. Treatment of shoulder instability caused by medial glenohumeral ligament rupture with thermal capsulorraphy.. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45: 521-524.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Fox DB. et al. Treatment of dogs diagnosed with medial shoulder instability using radio frequency-induced thermal capsulorraphy.. J Vet Surg 2005; 34: 469-475.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Fowler JD, Presnell KR, Holmberg DL. Scapulohumeral arthrodesis: result in seven dogs.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24: 667-672.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Vasseur PB. Arthrodesis for congenital medial luxation of the shoulder.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197: 501-503.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Cofield RH, Nessler JP, Wainsthal R. Diagnosis of shoulder instability by examination under anesthesia.. Clin Orthop 1993; 291: 45-53.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Kinzel GL, Van Sickle DC, Hillberry BM. et al. Preliminary study of the in vivo motion in the canine shoulder.. Am J Vet Res 1976; 37: 1505-1510.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Gray MJ, Lambrechts NE, Maritz NGJ. et al. A biomechanical investigation of the static stabilisers of the glenohumeral joint in the dog.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2004; 18: 55-61.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Sidaway BK, McLaughlin RM, Elder SH. et al. Role of the tendons of the biceps brachii and infraspinatus muscles and the medial glenohumeral ligament in the maintenance of passive shoulder joint stability in dogs.. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65: 1216-1222.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Vasseur PB, Moore D, Brown SA. Stability of the canine shoulder joint: an in vitro analysis.. Am J Vet Res 1982; 43: 352-355.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Gibb TD, Sidles JA, Harryman DT. II et al. The effect of capsular venting on glenohumeral laxity.. Clin Orthop 1991; 268: 120-7.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Sideaway BK, McLaughin RM, Elder SH. et al. The role of negative intra-articular pressure in the maintenance of shoulder joint stability in dogs.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19: 157-61.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Kramer M, Gerwing M, Sheppard C. et al. Ultrasonography for the diagnosis of diseases of the tendon and tendon sheath of the biceps brachii muscle.. J Vet Surg 2001; 30: 64-71.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Long CD, Nyland TG. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the canine shoulder.. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999; 40: 372-379.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Wall CR, Taylor R. Arthroscopic biceps brachii tenotomy as a treatment for canine biceptial tenosynovitis.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2002; 38: 169-175.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Burton NJ, Owen MR. Treatment of a shoulder luxation in a forelimb amputee dog.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 146-149.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Fitch RB, Breshears L, Staatz A. et al. Clinical evaluation of a prosthetic medial glenohumeral ligament repair in the dog (ten cases).. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2001; 14: 222-228.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Franczuski D, Parks LJ. Glenoid excision as a treatment in chronic shoulder disabilities: surgical technique and clinical results.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24: 637-643.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Hohn RB, Rosen H, Bohning RH. Jr et al. Surgical stabilization of recurrent shoulder luxation.. Vet Clin North Am 1971; 1: 537-548.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Puglisi TA. canine humeral joint instability-part II.. Compend Contin Educ Pract 1986; 8: 741-750.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Read RA. Successful treatment of congenital shoulder luxation in a dog by closed pinning.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1994; 7: 170-172.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Bardet JF. Lesions of the biceps tendon diagnosis and classification.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1999; 13: 188-195.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Bruce WJ, Burbidge HM, Bray JP. et al. Bicipital tendonitis and tenosynovitis in the dog: a study of 15 cases.. NZ Vet J 2000; 48: 44-52.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Davidson EB, Griffey SM, Vasseur PB. et al. Histopathological, radiographic and arthrographic comparison of the biceps tendon in normal dog and dogs with biceps tenosynovitis.. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2000; 36: 522-530.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Esterline ML, Armbrust L, Roush JK. A comparison of palpation guided and ultra-sound guided percutaneous biceps brachii tenotomy in dogs.. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18: 135-139.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Fransson BA, Gavin PR, Lahmers KK. Supraspinatus tendinosis associated with biceps brachii tendon displacement in a dog.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 227: 1429-1433.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Gilley RS, Wallace LJ, Hayden DW. Clinical and pathologic analyses of bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs.. Am J Vet Res 2002; 63: 402-407.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Stobie D, Wallace LJ, Lipowitz AJ. et al. Chronic bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs: 29 cases.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207: 201-207.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Vasseur PB, Pool RR, Klein K. Effects of tendon transfer on the canine scapulohumeral joint.. Am J Vet Res 1983; 44: 811-815.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar