Effects of the neurokinin-1 antagonist maropitant on canine gastric emptying assessed by radioscintigraphy and breath test

Summary

Objective: Delayed gastric emptying is a well-recognised phenomenon in a number of canine disease conditions. Only a limited number of drugs have been reported to have some gastrokinetic effect in the dog. The aim of this study was to investigate prokinetic effects of maropitant. Material and methods: In a cross-over study 24 healthy adult Beagle dogs were randomised to receive either maropitant (2 mg/kg q24 h PO), cisapride (1 mg/kg q12 h PO) or placebo (vitamin- B₁₂, 10 μg/dog q24 h PO) for 7 days with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Gastric emptying was measured simultaneously via ^99mTechnetium radioscintigraphy and ¹³C-sodium acetate breath testing for 6 hours post-feeding. The decrease in radioactive counts in the stomach and the increase in ¹³CO₂ concentration in exhaled breath (measured via gas chromatography) were plotted against time. The area under the curve was determined for each test and the time to 25%, 50% and 75% gastric emptying was calculated for each method. Friedman test was used to compare gastric emptying times. Results: With both methods, no difference for gastric emptying times was observed for any treatment. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Neither maropitant nor cisapride were shown to have an effect on gastric emptying in healthy beagles using radioscintigraphy or breath test when compared to placebo. Consequently, neither drug can be recommended as a gastric prokinetic in dogs.

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: Eine verzogerte Magenentleerung ist bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen des Hundes bekannt. Nur eine begrenzte Anzahl von Medikamenten wurden hinsichtlich ihres prokinetischen Effekts beim Hund untersucht. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, einen moglichen gastroprokinetischen Effekt von Maropitant zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Im Rahmen einer Cross-over Studie erhielten 24 gesunde Beagle randomisiert jeweils fur 7 Tage Maropitant (2 mg/kg p. o. einmal taglich), Cisaprid (1 mg/kg p. o. zweimal taglich) und ein Plazebo (Vitamin-B₁₂, 10 μg/Hund p. o. einmal). Zwischen den Behandlungen lag jeweils eine Ruhephase von 7 Tagen. Am Ende jeder Medikamentengabe wurde die Magenentleerung simultan mittels ^99mTechnetium-Radioszintigraphie und ¹³C-Natriumazetat-Atemtest uber 6 Stunden nach der Futterung gemessen. Die „Area-under-thecurve“ der radioaktiven Counts bzw. der Konzentration von ¹³CO₂ in der Ausatemluft (bestimmt mittels Gaschromatographie) wurde gegen die Zeit aufgetragen und anhand dieser Kurve die 25-, 50- und 75%ige Magenentleerungszeit berechnet. Zum Vergleich der Magenentleerungszeiten diente der Friedman-Test. Ergebnisse: Mit beiden Methoden lies sich zwischen den Magenentleerungszeiten fur die eingesetzten Medikamente im Vergleich zum Plazebo kein signifikanter Unterschied feststellen. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Weder Maropitant noch Cisaprid zeigten einen prokinetischen Effekt auf den Magen. Der Einsatz dieser Substanzen zur Forderung der Magenentleerung beim Hund ist daher nicht empfehlenswert.

Keywords

Stomach - motility - dog - prokinetic - cisapride

Schlüsselwörter

Gastrisch - Motilität - kanin - prokinetisch - Cisaprid

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