Perforating veins insufficiency

Summary

Perforating veins connect the superficial and deep venous system. In the diagnosis and treatment of varicosis, perforating veins are of high importance in search for the most proximal and most distal point of insufficiency. The examination of the perforating veins is a challenge in duplex sonography. The pathophysiological relevant significant incompetent perforating veins should be treated with surgical or minimal invasive methods.

Keywords

Perforating veins - varikosis - duplex ultrasound - venous insufficiency

• Literatur

• 1 Gloviczki P. Handbook of venous disorders... 3rd ed.. London: Edward Arnold; 2009
• 2 Van Limborgh J, Hage E. Anatomical features of those perforating veins of the legwhich frequently or infrequently become incompetent. In May R, Partsch H, Staubesand J. Perforating veins. München: Urban&Schwarzenberg; 1981: 49-59.
• 3 Caggiati A, Bergan J, Gloviczki P, Jantet G, Wendell-Smith C, Partsch H. Nomenclature of the veins of the lower limbs: an international interdisciplinary consensus statement. J Vasc Surg 2002; 36: 416-422.
• 4 Mendoza E. Duplexsonographie der oberfläch-lichen Beinvenen. 2nd ed.. Springer-Verlag GmbH; 2013
• 5 Klein-Weigel P, Biedermann H, Fraedrich G. The role of perforating vein dissection in the treatment of venous ulceration – myth and evidence. Vasa 2002
• 6 Recek C, Karisch E, Gruber J. Veränderungen der Perforansvenen und tiefen Unterschenkelvenen nach Beseitigung des Saphena-Refluxes. Phlebologie 2000; 29 (02) 37-40.
• 7 Blomgren L, Johansson G, Dahlberg-Akerman A, Thermaenius P, Bergqvist D. Changes in superficial and perforating vein reflux after varicose vein surgery. J Vasc Surg 2005; 42 (02) 315-320.
• 8 Gohel M, Barwell J, Earnshaw J, Heather B, Mitchell D, Whyman M. et al. Randomized clinical trial of compression plus surgery versus compression alone in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR study) – haemodynamic and anatomical changes. Br J Surg 2005; 92 (03) 291-297.
• 9 Fitridge R, Dunlop C, Raptis S, Thompson M, Leppard P, Quigley F. A prospective randomized trial evaluating the haemodynamic role of incompetent calf perforating veins. Aust N Z J Surg 1999; 69: 214-216.
• 10 Hach W, Hach-Wunderle V, Nestle W. Die Insuffizienz der Cockett-Vv.-perforantes und die operative Behandlung. Gefäßchirurgie 2000; 5: 130-137.
• 11 Kluess H, Noppeney T, Breu F, Ehresmann U, Gerlach H, Hermanns H. et al. Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Krampfadererkrankung. Phlebologie 2004
• 12 Bassi G. Klinische Bedeutung insuffizienter Vv. Perforantes. In May R, Partsch H, Staubesand J. Venae perforantes. München: Urban&Schwarzenberg; 1981: 110-113.
• 13 Bjordal R. Die Zirkulation in insuffizienten Vv. Perforantes der Wade bei venösen Störungen. In May R, Partsch H, Staubesand J. Venae perforantes. München: Urban&Schwarzenberg; 1981: 71-88.
• 14 Hauer G. Operationstechnik der endoskopischen subfascialen Discision der Perforansvenen. Chirurg 1987; 58: 172-175.
• 15 Hauer G, Nasralla F, Wisser I, Schneidemann G. Zur endoskopischen Perforansdissektion und Fasziotomie. Gefäßchirurgie 1997; 2: 222-226.
• 16 Linton R. The post-thrombotic ulceration of the lower extremity: its etiology and surgical treatment. Ann Surg 1953; 138: 415-432.
• 17 Perälä J, Rautio T, Biancorie F, Ohtonen P, Wiik H, Heikkinen T. et al. Radiofrequency endovenous obliteration versus stripping of the long saphenous vein in the management of primary varicose veins; 3-year outcome of a randomized study. Ann Vasc Surg 2005; 19: 1-4.
• 18 Proebstle T, Herdemann S. Early results and feasibility of incompetent perforator vein ablation by endovenous laser treatment. Dermatol Surg 2007; 33: 162-168.
• 19 Kishore R, Sankar T, Anandi A, Nedunchezhian S. A Prospective Study in Comparison of Ambulatory Phlebectomy and Duplex Guided Foam Sclerotherapy in the Management of Varicosities with Isolated Perforator Incompetence. Indian J Surg 2016; 78 (05) 356-363.
• 20 Dillavou E, Harlander-Locke M, Labropoulos N, Elias S, Ozsvath K. Current state of the treatment of perforating veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016; 4 (01) 131-135.