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Thromb Haemost 2018; 118(S 01): S23-S33
DOI: 10.1160/TH17-09-0681
Review Article
Schattauer GmbH Stuttgart

Treatment Challenges in Venous Thromboembolism: An Appraisal of Rivaroxaban Studies

Alok A. Khorana
1   Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 10201 Carnegie Avenue, CA60, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
,
Jeffrey I. Weitz
2   Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

29 September 2017

06 November 2017

Publication Date:
22 March 2018 (online)

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Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) presents a continuing clinical burden to healthcare systems and there are patient groups for whom VTE management is challenging. Depending on the patient profile, the optimal duration of anticoagulation for VTE treatment can be unclear. EINSTEIN CHOICE was a Phase III, randomized, double-blind trial that compared the safety and efficacy of two once-daily (od) doses of the direct, oral factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban (20 and 10 mg) with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA; 100 mg daily) for prevention of recurrent VTE. Extended therapy with rivaroxaban at either dose was more effective than ASA at preventing recurrent VTE without increasing bleeding risk. Another group that is challenging to treat in the context of VTE is patients with cancer-associated thrombosis. Cancer is associated with a hypercoagulable state, while cancer treatment itself may increase VTE risk. Evidence supporting the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with cancer is growing through specifically designed studies. Cancer Associated thrombosis—expLoring soLutions for patIentS through Treatment and prevention with rivarOxaban (CALLISTO) is an international research program exploring the role of rivaroxaban for the prevention and treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis. Here, we present overviews of three CALLISTO studies: PRO-LAPS II, CASTA-DIVA and COSIMO. Currently available and anticipated results from studies in a variety of patients at risk of or with VTE will provide valuable insights and seek to optimize future VTE management.

Keywords

anticoagulation - extended treatment - cancer-associated thrombosis - venous thromboembolism - rivaroxaban
 

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