Pro: “Antidote for new anticoagulants” – Specific target of inhibition requires a specific target for neutralisation

• References

• 1 Ageno W, Gallus AS, Wittkowsky A. et al. American College of Chest Physicians. Oral anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141: e44S-88S.
• 2 Keeling D, Baglin T, Tait C. et al. British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on oral anticoagulation with warfarin – fourth edition. Br J Haematol 2011; 154: 311-324.
• 3 Rosovsky RP, Crowther MA. What is the evidence for the off-label use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in the acute reversal of warfarin? ASH evidence-based review 2008. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2008; 36-38.
• 4 Levi M, Levy JH, Andersen HF. et al. Safety of recombinant activated factor VII in randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1791-1800.
• 5 Dentali F, Marchesi C, Pierfranceschi MG. et al. Safety of prothrombin complex concentrates for rapid anticoagulation reversal of vitamin K antagonists. A meta-analysis. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106: 429-438.
• 6 Weitz JI. Factor Xa and thrombin as targets for new oral anticoagulants. Thromb Res 2011; 127 (Suppl. 02) S5-S12.
• 7 Phillips K, Ansell J. The clinical implications of new oral anticoagulants: Will the potential advantages be achieved?. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 34-39.
• 8 Miesbach W, Seifried E. New direct oral anticoagulants – current therapeutic options and treatment recommendations for bleeding complications. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108: 625-632.
• 9 Levi M, Eerenberg E, Kamphuisen PW. Bleeding risk and reversal strategies for old and new anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 09: 1705-1712.
• 10 Fukuda T, Honda Y, Kamisato C. et al. Reversal of anticoagulant effects of edoxaban, an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor, with haemostatic agents. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107: 253-259.
• 11 Eerenberg ES, Kamphuisen PW, Sijpkens MK. et al. Reversal of Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects. Circulation 2011; 124: 1573-1579.
• 12 Marlu R, Hodaj E, Paris A. et al. Effect of non-specific reversal agents on anticoagulant activity of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban. A randomised crossover ex vivo study in healthy volunteers. Thromb Haemost 2012; 108: 217-224.
• 13 van Ryn J, Schurer J, Kink-Eiband M. et al. The successful reversal of Dabigatran induced bleeding by coagulation factor concentrates in a rat tail bleeding model do not correlate with ex vivo markers of anticoagulation. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2011; 118: 2316.
• 14 Schulman S, Crowther MA. How I treat with anticoagulants in 2012: new and old anticoagulants, and when and how to switch. Blood 2012; 119: 3016-3023.
• 15 Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM. et al. American College of Chest Physicians. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (Suppl. 02) e152S-84S.
• 16 Kaatz S, Kouides PA, Garcia DA. et al. Guidance on the emergent reversal of oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors. Am J Hematol 2012; 87 (Suppl. 01) S141-145.
• 17 Rodgers GM. Prothrombin complex concentrates in emergency bleeding disorders. Am J Hematol. 2012 epub ahead of print..
• 18 Gilmore R, Harmon S, Keane G. et al. Variation in anticoagulant composition regulates differential effects of prothrombin complex concentrates on thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 07: 2154-2156.
• 19 van Ryn J, Stangier J, Haertter S. et al. Dabigatran etexilate--a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity. Thromb Haemost 2010; 103: 1116-1127.
• 20 Pengo V, Crippa L, Falanga A. et al. Italian Federation of Thrombosis Centers. Questions and answers on the use of Dabigatran and perspectives on the use of other new oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. A consensus document of the Italian Federation of Thrombosis Centers (FCSA). Thromb Haemost 2011; 106: 868-876.
• 21 Marín F, Roldán V, Lip GY. Dabigatran for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation: is RE-LY reliable?. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13: 1087-1090.
• 22 Bauer KA. Reversal of antithrombotic agents. Am J Hematol 2012; 87 (Suppl. 01) S119-126.