Polymorphisms in VKORC1 and GGCX are not major genetic determinants of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor activity in Western Germans

 

* The first two authors contributed equally.

• References

• 1 Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y. et al. VKORC1 haplotypes are associated with arterial vascular diseases (stroke, coronary heart disease, and aortic dissection). Circulation 2006; 113: 1615-1621.
• 2 Kinoshita H, Nakagawa K, Narusawa K. et al. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the vitamin-K-dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase gene (Arg325Gln) is associated with bone mineral density in elderly Japanese women. Bone 2007; 40: 451-456.
• 3 Rost S, Fregin A, Ivaskevicius V. et al. Mutations in VKORC1 cause warfarin resistance and multiple coagulation factor deficiency type 2. Nature 2004; 427: 537-541.
• 4 Li T, Chang CY, Jin DY. et al. Identification of the gene for vitamin K epoxide reductase. Nature 2004; 427: 541-544.
• 5 Wu SM, Cheung WF, Frazier D. et al. Cloning and expression of the cDNA for human gamma-glutamyl carboxylase. Science 1991; 254: 1634-1636.
• 6 Wallin R. Vitamin K antagonism of coumarin anticoagulation. A dehydrogenase pathway in rat liver is responsible for the antagonistic effect. Biochem J 1986; 236: 685-693.
• 7 Geisen C, Watzka M, Sittinger K. et al. VKORC1 haplotypes and their impact on the inter-individual and inter-ethnical variability of oral anticoagulation. Thromb Haemost 2005; 94: 773-779.
• 8 Rieder MJ, Reiner AP, Gage BF. et al. Effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on transcriptional regulation and warfarin dose. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2285-2293.
• 9 Yuan HY, Chen JJ, Lee MT. et al. A novel functional VKORC1 promoter polymorphism is associated with inter-individual and inter-ethnic differences in warfarin sensitivity. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14: 1745-1751.
• 10 Traver RD, Siegel D, Beall HD. et al. Characterization of a polymorphism in NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (DT-diaphorase). Br J Cancer 1997; 75: 69-75.
• 11 Humphries S, Temple A, Lane A. et al. Low plasma levels of factor VIIc and antigen are more strongly associated with the 10 base pair promoter (-323) insertion than the glutamine 353 variant. Thromb Haemost 1996; 75: 567-572.
• 12 Oldenburg J, Watzka M, Rost S. et al. VKORC1: molecular target of coumarins. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 05 (Suppl. 01) 1-6.
• 13 Wadelius M, Chen LY, Eriksson N. et al. Association of warfarin dose with genes involved in its action and metabolism. Hum Genet 2007; 121: 23-34.
• 14 Momary KM, Shapiro NL, Viana MA. et al. Factors influencing warfarin dose requirements in African- Americans. Pharmacogenomics 2007; 08: 1535-1544.
• 15 Kimura R, Kokubo Y, Miyashita K. et al. Polymorphisms in vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation-related genes influence interindividual variability in plasma protein C and protein S activities in the general population. Int J Hematol 2006; 84: 387-397.
• 16 Watzka M, Nebel A, El Mokhtari NE. et al. Functional promoter polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene is no major genetic determinant for coronary heart disease in Northern Germans. Thromb Haemost 2007; 97: 998-1002.
• 17 Arnold ML, Lichy C, Werner I. et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene and the risk of stroke in the Southern German population. Thromb Haemost 2008; 100: 614-617.
• 18 Smadja DM, Loriot MA, Hindorff LA. et al. No clear link between VKORC1 genetic polymorphism and the risk of venous thrombosis or peripheral arterial disease. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 970-972.
• 19 Nimptsch K, Nieters A, Hailer S. et al. The association between dietary vitamin K intake and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is modulated by vitamin K epoxide reductase genotype. Br J Nutr. 2008 Epub ahead of print, doi:10.1017/S0007114508131750.