Fibrotic injury after experimental deep vein thrombosis is determined by the mechanism of thrombogenesis

Peter K. Henke; Manu R. V. Varma; Daria K. Moaveni; Nicholas A. Dewyer; Andrea J. Moore; Erin M. Lynch; Christopher Longo; Barry C. Deatrick; Steven L. Kunkel; Gilbert R. Upchurch Jr.; Thomas W. Wakefield

doi:10.1160/TH07-03-0190

Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Table of Contents

Thromb Haemost 2007; 98(05): 1045-1055
DOI: 10.1160/TH07-03-0190

Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Cellular Haemostasis

Schattauer GmbH

Fibrotic injury after experimental deep vein thrombosis is determined by the mechanism of thrombogenesis

Peter K. Henke

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Manu R. V. Varma

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Daria K. Moaveni

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Nicholas A. Dewyer

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Andrea J. Moore

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Erin M. Lynch

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Christopher Longo

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Barry C. Deatrick

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Steven L. Kunkel

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Gilbert R. Upchurch Jr.

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

,

Thomas W. Wakefield

¹Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Summary

Vessel wall matrix changes occur after injury, although this has not been well studied in the venous system. This study tested the hypothesis that the thrombus dictates the vein wall response and vein wall damage is directly related to the duration of thrombus contact. To determine the injury response over time, rats underwent inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation to produce a stasis thrombus, with harvest at various time points to 28 days (d). Significant vein wall matrix changes occurred with biomechanical injury (stiffness) peaking at 7–14 d, with concurrent early reduction in total collagen, an increase in early matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and late MMP-2, and concomitant increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, monocyte chemoattractant( MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor (TGF)β (all P <0.05). To isolate the effect of the thrombus and its mechanism of genesis, rats underwent 7 d or limited stasis (24 hours), non-stasis thrombosis, or non-thrombotic IVC occlusion (Silicone plug). Vein wall stiffness was increased seven-fold, with a five-fold reduction in collagen, and 5.5- to seven-fold increase in TNFα, MCP-1, and TGFβ with 7 d stasis as compared with controls (all P <0.05). By Picosirus red staining analysis, collagenolysis was significantly greater with 7 d stasis injury (P = 0.01) but neither MMP-9 nor MMP-2 activity correlated with injury mechanism. In addition, vein wall cellular proliferation and uPA gene expression paralled the stasis thrombotic injury. Limited stasis, non-stasis thrombosis and non-thrombotic IVC occlusion showed a lesser inflammatory response. These data suggest both a static component and the thrombus directs vein wall injury via multiple mechanisms.

Keywords

Veins - thrombosis - inflammation - collagen - vascular biology

Full Text

References

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