Summary
The role of vasa vasorum (VV) in atherosclerosis is hotly debated, and new experimental
techniques have recently opened an opportunity to take a fresh look at this important
topic. Although the proliferation of VV due to atherogenic stimuli is controversial,
experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggest the potential of VV in vascular
proliferative disorders. In the past, paradigms of atherosclerosis and restenosis
have excluded the adventitia and VV in the artery wall due, in part, to a lack of
i) appropriate animal models featuring adventitial VV neovascularization, ii) imaging
technologies to quantitate adventitial VV and plaque neovascularization and iii) its
consequences, concerning information on detectable plaque substrate in vulnerable
lesions. VV proliferation is associated with increasing plaque burden and is linked
to cellular processes which are critical during the development of atherosclerotic
plaques such as inflammation, plaque perfusion and concomitant intraplaque hemorrhage
– but the regulation and induction of VV based on pathological settings are poorly
understood. This review discusses the current scientific status and its controversies
and identifies open research questions.
Keywords
Vasa vasorum - inflammation - atherosclerosis - intraplaque hemorrhage