Expression of bone-regulating factors osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in heterotopic vascular ossification

• References

• 1 Doherty TM, Asotra K, Fitzpatrick LA. et al Calcification in atherosclerosis: bone biology and chronic inflammation at the arterial crossroads. Proc Natl Acad Sci (USA) 2003; 100: 11201-6.
• 2 Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA 2004; 292: 490-5.
• 3 Collin-Osdoby P. Regulation of vascular calcification by osteoclast regulatory factors RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Circ Res 2004; 95: 1046-57.
• 4 Emery JG, McDonnell P, Burke MB. et al Osteoprotegerin is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 14363-7.
• 5 Bucay N, Sarosi I, Dunstan CR. et al Osteoprotegerin-deficient mice develop early onset osteoporosis and arterial calcification. Genes Dev 1998; 12: 1260-8.
• 6 Schoppet M, Al-Fakhri N, Franke FE. et al Localization of osteoprotegerin (OPG), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in Mönckeberg’s sclerosis and atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 4104-12.
• 7 Colucci S, Brunetti G, Rizzi R. et al T cells support osteoclastogenesis in an in vitro model derived from human multiple myeloma bone disease: the role of the OPG/TRAIL interaction. Blood 2004; 104: 3722-30.
• 8 Doherty TM, Uzui H, Fitzpatrick LA. et al Rationale for the role of osteoclast-like cells in arterial calcification. FASEB J 2002; 16: 577-82.
• 9 Min H, Morony S, Sarosi I. et al Osteoprotegerin reverses osteoporosis by inhibiting endosteal osteoclasts and prevents vascular calcification by blocking a process resembling osteoclastogenesis. J Exp Med 2000; 192: 463-74.
• 10 Iribarren C, Sidney S, Sternfeld B. et al Calcification of the aortic arch: risk factors and association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. JAMA 2000; 283: 2810-5.
• 11 Zhang J, Fu M, Myles D. et al PDGF induces osteoprotegerin expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by multiple signal pathways. FEBS Lett 2002; 521: 180-4.
• 12 Proudfoot D, Skepper JN, Hegyi L. et al Apoptosis regulates human vascular calcification in vitro: evidence for initiation of vascular calcification by apoptotic bodies. Circ Res 2000; 87: 1055-62.
• 13 Gochuico BR, Zhang J, Ma BY. et al TRAIL expression in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000; 278: L1045-50.
• 14 Price PA, June HH, Buckley JR. et al Osteoprotegerin inhibits artery calcification induced by warfarin and by vitamin D. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1610-6.