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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1038158
Kollaterale Ventilation[1]
Collateral VentilationPublication History
eingereicht 18.2.2008
akzeptiert 3.3.2008
Publication Date:
06 June 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Unter kollateraler Ventilation versteht man eine alveoläre Ventilation unter Umgehung der normalen bronchialen Atemwege. Solche ventilatorischen Bypassstrukturen sind als interalveoläre, bronchioloalveoläre, interbronchioläre und interlobäre Strukturen beschrieben worden. In der menschlichen Lunge nehmen ventilatorische Kollateralen mit zunehmender Lungenüberblähung bzw. emphysematischer Destruktion zu. In gesunden menschlichen Lungen lässt sich in der Regel keine relevante kollaterale Ventilation nachweisen. In emphysematischen Lungen kann die Ventilation über kollaterale Strukturen den Gasaustausch verbessern. Die kollaterale Ventilation erklärt verschiedene klinisch zu beobachtende Phänomene wie z. B. das Ausbleiben einer Atelektase in Lungenregionen, die einer vollständigen Obstruktion (z. B. durch Tumor oder Fremdkörper) nachgeschaltet sind. Auch die unterschiedlichen Resultate nach Implantation von endobronchial platzierten Einwegventilen zur Lungenvolumenreduktion lassen sich durch ventilatorische Kollateralen erklären. Kenntnisse über das Phänomen der kollateralen Ventilation sind für unser Verständnis der Physiologie in Emphysemlungen und für die Planung neuer Techniken zur Behandlung des Emphysems bzw. der Lungenüberblähung bedeutsam. Die Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Geschichte, die physiologische Bedeutung, die Relevanz für volumenreduzierende Interventionen und die Möglichkeiten eines funktionellen Nachweises. Darüber hinaus wird die Möglichkeit einer radiologischen Darstellung von ventilatorischen Kollateralen anhand eigener Untersuchungsergebnisse vorgestellt.
Abstract
The phenomenon of collateral ventilation is defined as ventilation of alveolar structures through passages or channels that bypass the normal airways. Such bypassing structures can be interalveolar, bronchiole-alveolar, interbronchiole, and interlobar. Collateral ventilation structures seem to be prominent in human lungs with trapped air and emphysema. In healthy human lungs normally no relevant collateral ventilation can be detected. In emphysematic lungs the ventilation through collateral channels can probably improve gas exchange mechanisms. The phenomenon of collateral ventilation explains several clinical observations in human lungs such as the absence of atalectasis following complete bronchial obstruction, e. g. after foreign body aspiration or tumour. The various results after bronchoscopic implantation of one-way endobronchial valves as a new technique for treating emphysema can also be explained by collateral ventilation. Understanding collateral ventilation is of high importance for clinicians, those working in the field of physiology of emphysema in human lungs and may be central to planning new bronchoscopic techniques for treating emphysema. The paper offers an overview of history, physiology and the relevance for lung volume reduction methods. Moreover, a new imaging technique to demonstrate collateral ventilation in vivo is described.
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1 Prof. Dr. Dieter Köhler zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.
Dr. Thomas Voshaar
Med. Klinik III, Pneumologie, Allergologie, Zentrum für Schlafmedizin und Heimbeatmung,
Krankenhaus Bethanien für die Grafschaft Moers
Bethanienstr. 21
47441 Moers
Email: th.voshaar@t-online.de