Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1027991
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Notärztliche Versorgung von Palliativpatienten
Emergency medical care of terminally ill patientsPublication History
eingereicht: 23.5.2008
angenommen: 1.9.2008
Publication Date:
15 December 2008 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung: In Deutschland haben notärztliche Einsätze bei Patienten mit Tumorerkrankungen im weit fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium einen Anteil von ca. 3 % an den Gesamteinsätzen. Ziel der Untersuchung war es, über 6 Jahre alle Notarzteinsätze bei diesen Patienten prospektiv zu erfassen, die Besonderheiten dieser Einsätze vorzustellen und mit Notarzteinsätzen anderer Ursache zu vergleichen.
Methodik: In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden alle so genannten palliativmedizinisch motivierten Einsätze bei Patienten mit Tumorerkrankungen im weit fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium. Diese Einsätze wurden mit Einsätzen anderer Ursachen unter anderem bezüglich Einsatzindikation und -verlauf verglichen.
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 63 palliativmedizinisch motivierte Einsätze (3,9 % der gesamten Einsätze) identifiziert und ausgewertet werden. Die Einsatzindikation und die Weiterversorgung der Patienten unterschieden sich signifikant von Einsätzen anderer Ursache (p < 0,05): So war die akute Dyspnoe die häufigste Einsatzursache (33,3 % vs. 9,4 %). In 93,7 % der Einsätze resultierte die Alarmierung aus einer Überforderung (medizinisch und psychosozial) der betreuenden Angehörigen. Im Vergleich zu Einsätzen anderer Ursache konnten signifikant mehr Patienten in häuslicher Umgebung notfallmedizinisch versorgt und belassen werden (56,6 % vs. 16,1 %).
Folgerung: Die notärztliche Versorgung von Tumorpatienten im weit fortgeschrittenen Stadium ihrer Erkrankung kann jeden Notarzt im Einsatzdienst betreffen. Die Versorgung dieser Patientengruppe erfordert besondere Kenntnisse in der notfallmedizinischen Versorgung und speziell auch in der palliativmedizinischen Betreuung von Patienten am Lebensende.
Emergency medical care of terminally ill patients
Background and objective: 3 of all emergency calls in Germany are related to terminally ill cancer patients. It was the aim of this investigation to prospectively include over a lenghty period all emergency calls from cancer patients in the final stage of their disease, to elucidate the specific features of these calls and to compare them with calls of other reasons.
Methods: All “palliative emergency contacts” during a period of six years were included and compared with emergency applications of other causes.
Results: 63 emergency calls by cancer patients or their relatives were analysed (3.9 of all emergency calls). The effort made and the care given to these patients differed significantly from those related to other calls (p < 0.05). Thus acute dyspnoea was the most frequent reason for an emergency call in cancer patients (33.3 compared with 9.4 ). 93.7 of the calls were made because of psychosocial strain among the care-giving relatives. Significantly more of these patients were able to remain at home (56.6 ) than in calls for other causes (16.1 ).
Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the care of cancer patients in the final stage of their disease is an important factor in emergency medicine. For this reason special knowledge of problems arising in relation to end of life care is essential.
Schlüsselwörter
Notarzteinsätze - Tumorpatienten - palliatives Krankheits-
stadium - Palliativ-Care-Team
Key words
emergency cases - cancer patients - emergencies in palliative care - palliative care team
Literatur
- 1
Achenbach W, Hinterberger R, Illiger H J.
Palliativtherapie in der Onkologie.
Onkologe.
2001;
7
663-670
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Barbera L, Paszat L, Chartier C.
Indicators of poor quality end-of-life care in Ontario.
J Palliat Care.
2006;
22
12-17
MissingFormLabel
- 3 Bundesärztekammer .Musterweiterbildungsordnung für Notfallmedizin und Palliativmedizin. BÄK 2007: S163 und S165
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G.
Family physician continuity of care and emergency department use in end-of-life cancer
care.
Med Care.
2003;
41
992-1001
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Burge F, Lawson B, Johnston G, Cummings I.
Primary care continuity and location of death for those with cancer.
J Palliat Med.
2003;
6
911-918
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Burghofer K, Lackner C K.
Tun und Lassen in der Notfallmedizin.
Notfall Rettungsmed.
2006;
9
685-690
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Choi K S, Chae Y M, Lee C G. et al .
Factors influencing preferences for place of terminal care and of death among cancer
patients and their families in Korea.
Support Care Cancer.
2005;
13
565-572
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Ciais J F, Ciais C, Pradier C, Marchand P, Lenoble C, Raucoules-Aime M.
Emergencies in patients undergoing palliative care at home. A qualitative study of
telephone calls to Center 15.
Presse Med.
2002;
31
970-972
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Ciais J F, Pradier C, Ciais C, Berthier F, Vallageas M, Raucoules-Aime M.
Impact of a hospice home visit team on unwanted hospitalization of terminally-ill
patients at home in acute medical emergencies.
Presse Med.
2007;
36
404-409
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Drury M, Yudkin P, Harcourt J, Fitzpatrick R, Jones L, Alcock C, Minton M.
Patients with cancer holding their own records.
Br J Gen Pract.
2000;
50
105-110
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Ensink F B, Bautz M T, Hanekop G G.
Improvement of palliative outpatient treatment of terminally ill cancer patients –
SUPPORT as example – The ethically preferable alternative to euthanasia.
Anaesthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther.
2001;
36
530-537
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Evans W G, Cutson T M, Steinhauser K E, Tulsky J A.
Is there no place like home? Caregivers recall reasons for and experience upon transfer
from home hospice into inpatient facilities.
J Palliat Med.
2006;
9
100-110
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Foreman L M, Hunt R W, Luke C G, Roder D M.
Factors predictive of preferred place of death in general population of South Australia.
Palliat Med.
2006;
20
447-453
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Fukui S, Kawagoe H, Masako S, Noriko N, Hiroko N, Toshie M.
Determinants of the place of death among terminally ill cancer patients under home
hospice care in Japan.
Palliat Med.
2003;
17
445-453
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Grond S, Zech D, Diefenbach C, Bischoff A.
Prevalence and patterns of symptoms in patients with cancer.
Management.
2004;
9
372-382
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Gyllenhammar E, Thoren-Todoulos E, Strang P, Ström G, Eriksson E, Kinch M.
Predictive factors for home deaths among cancer patients in Swedish palliative home
care.
Support Care Cancer.
2003;
11
560-567
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Gysels M, Richardson A, Higginson I J.
Does the patient-held record improve continuity and related outcomes in cancer care:
a systematic review.
Health Expect.
2007;
10
75-92
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Hanson L C, Earp J A, Garrett J, Menon M, Danis M.
Community physicians who provide terminal care.
Arch Intern Med.
1999;
159
1133-1138
MissingFormLabel
- 19
LeGrand S B, Tropiano P, Marx J D, Davis M P, Walsh D.
Dying at home: emergency medications for terminal symptoms.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care.
2001;
18
421-423
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Miccinesi G, Crocetti E, Morino P, Fallai M, Piazza M, Cavallini V, Paci E.
Palliative home care reduces time spent in hospital wards: a population-based study
in the Tuscnay Region, Italy.
Cancer Causes Control.
2003;
14
971-977
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Nauck F.
Symptomkontrolle in der Finalphase.
Schmerz.
2001;
15
362-369
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Portenoy R K, Thaler H T, Kornblinth A B, Lepore J M, Friedlander K H.
The memorial symptom assessment scale: an instrument for the evaluation of symptom
prevalence, characteristics, and distress.
Eur J Cancer.
1994;
30
1326-1336
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Salako S E.
The declaration of Helsinki 2000: Ethical principles and the dignity of difference.
Med Law.
2006;
25
341-54
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Salomon F.
Palliativmedizinische Kompetenz im Rettungsdienst?.
Notfall Rettungsmed.
2005;
8
542-547
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Salomon F.
Leben erhalten und Sterben ermöglichen.
Anaesthesist.
2006;
55
64-69
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Teno J M, Clarridge B R, Casey V, Welch L C, Wetle T, Shield R, Mor V.
Family perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place of care.
J Amer Med Assoc.
2004;
291
88-93
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Teno J M, Gruneis A, Schwartz Z, Nanda A, Wetle T.
Association between advance directives and quality of end-of-life care.
J Am Geriatr Soc.
2007;
55
189-194
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Tang S T, McCorkle R.
Determinants of congruence between the preferred and actual place of death for terminally
ill cancer patients.
J Pall Care.
2003;
19
230-237
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Tiernan E, O’Connor M, O’Siorain L, Kearney M.
A prospective study of preferred versus actual place of death among patients referred
to a palliative care home-care service.
Ir Med J.
2002;
95
232-235
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Vainio A, Auvonen A.
Prevalence of symptoms among patients with advanced cancer: an international cooperative
study.
J Pain Symptom Manage.
1996;
12
3-10
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Wiese C HR, Bartels U, Seidel N, Voßen-Wellmann A, Graf B M, Hanekop G G.
Der finale Tumorpatient in der notfallmedizinischen Versorgung.
Anaesthesist.
2006;
55
955-957
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Wiese C, Bartels U, Ruppert D, Quintel M, Graf B M, Hanekop G G.
Notärztliche Betreuung von Patienten in der finalen Phase ihrer Erkrankung.
Anaesthesist.
2007;
56
133-140
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Wiese C HR, Geyer A, Bartels U, Duttge G, Graf B M, Hanekop G G.
Göttinger Palliativkrisenbogen – Die gelbe Karte für den Rettungsdienst.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2008;
133
972-976
MissingFormLabel
- 34
World Medical Association .
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical principles for medical
research involving human subjects.
Nurs Ethics.
2002;
9
105-109
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Alt-Epping B, Geyer A, Nauck F.
Palliativmedizinische Konzepte bei nicht-onkologischen Grunderkrankungen.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr.
2008;
133
1745-1749
MissingFormLabel
Dr. med. Christoph H. R. Wiese
Zentrum Anaesthesiologie,
Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin
Robert-Koch-Straße 40
37099 Göttingen
Phone: 0551/39-8834
Email: cwiese@med.uni-goettingen.de