Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die Zunahme von Mehrlingsschwangerschaften betrifft durch maternale und fetale Komplikationen
gleicherseits Geburtshelfer und Pädiater. Häufig kommt es zu einem postpartalen Transfer
der Mehrlinge in ein Neonatologiezentrum (NNZ). Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es
zu klären, ob Unterschiede für einen Transfer bzw. in der Aufenthaltsdauer abhängig
vom Konzeptionsmodus bestehen. Material und Methoden: Bei insgesamt 996 Mehrlingsgeborenen in der Universitätsklinik für Frauenheilkunde
und Geburtshilfe Salzburg, Österreich, im Zeitraum Januar 1996 bis Dezember 2005 war
bei 624 Kindern der Konzeptionsmodus bekannt. In die Studie wurden die 253 postpartal
in das NNZ transferierten Zwillinge und Drillinge eingeschlossen. Die Untersuchungsgruppe
setzte sich aus 66 assistiert konzipierten Zwillingen (B) und 41 assistiert konzipierten
Drillingen (C) zusammen. Die Kontrollgruppe bestand aus 146 spontan konzipierten Zwillingen
(A). Ergebnisse: Gestationsalter (GA) und stationäre Aufenthaltsdauer sowie die perinatalen Parameter
Apgar-Werte, Blutgasanalyse und Geburtsmaße waren ident. Die Prävalenz diverser Morbiditäten
und Fehlbildungen zeigte bis auf das bei Drillingen (58,5 %) häufiger als bei spontan
konzipierten Zwillingen (37,0 %) auftretende Atemnotsyndrom keine Signifikanz. Die
Häufigkeit einer druckkontrollierten Beatmung war in allen Gruppen ident; allein die
Dauer war bei Zwillingen aus assistierter Konzeption (6,0 ± 5,0, Tage ± SD) kürzer
als in den anderen beiden Gruppen (A: 12,0 ± 10,3 und C: 12,1 ± 5,8). Mit zunehmendem
Lebensalter war ein Abnehmen der Mortalität zu erkennen. Die Mütter in der Untersuchungsgruppe
(32,5 ± 4,5, Jahre ± SD) waren älter als in der Kontrollgruppe (29,7 ± 5,2), sie zeigten
die Tendenz zu einer Kaiserschnittentbindung. Schlussfolgerung: Assistiert konzipierte Mehrlinge wiesen mit Ausnahme der respiratorischen Parameter
ein vergleichbares perinatales Outcome zu spontan konzipierten Mehrlingen auf.
Abstract
Purpose: The increasing prevalence of multiple pregnancies is a matter of concern both for
obstetricians and pediatricians as it results in a higher transfer rate to neonatal
intensive care units (NICU). The object of this study was to analyze the reasons for
NICU transfer and the length of stay, and correlate this with the mode of conception.
Material and Methods: Out of a total of 996 multiples delivered at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
in Salzburg, Austria from January 1996 until December 2005, the mode of conception
was known for 624 multiples. The 253 neonates transferred to the NICU were included
in the study for analysis. The transferred study group comprised 66 assisted conceived
twins (B) and 41 assisted conceived triplets (C). The control group (A) comprised
146 spontaneously conceived twins. Results: All multiples showed comparable gestational ages at birth and durations of stay in
the NICU. There were no differences in the perinatal parameters “Apgar score” and
“cord blood gases” as well as birth weight and length. The prevalence of various morbidities
and malformations was comparable between groups with the exception of respiratory
distress syndrome, which was more frequent in triplets (58.5 %) than in spontaneously
conceived twins (37.0 %). Furthermore, the incidence of artificial respiration was
comparable between groups. Only the duration of pressure-controlled respiration of
twins conceived by ART (6.0 ± 5.0 days ± SD) was significantly shorter compared to
both other groups (A: 12.0 ± 10.3 and C: 12.1 ± 5.8). The mothers of the babies of
the test groups (32.5 ± 4.5 years ± SD) were older than those in the control group
(29.7 ± 5.2) and showed a tendency towards cesarean delivery. Conclusions: With the exception of respiratory parameters, assisted conceived multiples had comparable
perinatal outcomes to those who were conceived spontaneously.
Schlüsselwörter
assistierte Reproduktion - Risikoschwangerschaft - Zwillinge/Drillinge - Neonatologiezentrum
(NNZ)
Key words
assisted reproduction technique (ART) - high‐risk pregnancy - twins/triplets - neonatal
intensive care unit (NICU)
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Univ.-Doz. Dr. Horst Steiner
Univ.-Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe
Müllner Hauptstraße 48
5020 Salzburg
Österreich
Email: h.steiner@salk.at