Controlled study on the effects of isothermal head-out water immersion on psychological variables in healthy subjects

Objective: Head-out water immersions in isothermal water are mainly used with regard to the effects of buoyancy and to apply chemical ingredients. However, changes of well-being and mood are reported by the patients. This may be of therapeutic significance in psychosomatic disorders. No systematic studies have been published to evaluate the effects of isothermal bath on psychological variables.

Methods: In a controlled study 20 healthy subjects were studied. In a cross-over-design isothermal head-out water immersions (36°C, 20min) were applied. The control intervention consisted in a resting period of 20min duration in a comfortable thermal environment. As standardised questionnaires the subjects had to fill in the EWL-list (autonomous and psychological traits) STAI (state and trait anxiety) and HADS (anxiety and depression) before and after the interventions. Additionally rating scales for mood (VRS) and overall well-being (VAS) were used.

Results: Because of bottom and ceiling effects no differences in the depression an anxiety scales were found. However, mood and overall well-being were significantly better in the bath than during rest. 20min after the intervention well-being remained better after immersion, whereas the mood differences were not detectable any more.

Discussion: This pilot study in healthy subjects show that isothermal bathing has positive effects on mood and well being. It is still unclear if depression and anxiety can be improved as well. A similar study in patients with psychosomatic disorders should be carried out to look for the clinical relevance of the effects.