Abstract
Background: Varicella zoster infection (chickenpox) is a common and usually benign self limiting
disease of childhood in non-vaccinated populations. Although varicella usually goes
along with mild to moderate illness in immunocompetent patients, serious complications
can arise. Varicella is highly infectious, with attack rates in susceptible individuals
ranging from 61% to 100%.
Patient: This case describes a rare but life threa-tening complication of varicella zoster
infection in a child.
Conclusions: High morbidity in non-vaccinated populations that led to rare cases of severe complications
became a significant health burden all over the world. This aspect must be considered
in the discussion about the importance and benefit of a population wide varicella
vaccination programme as it was added to the childhood immunization schedule in Germany
in 2004. The case described here might have been avoided by vaccination.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Infektion mit dem Varizella-Zoster-Virus ist eine typische Kinderkrankheit, die
in den meisten Fällen unkompliziert verläuft und folgenlos ausheilt. Aufgrund der
hohen Kontagiosität ist die Durchseuchung in der Bevölkerung sehr hoch, so dass die
Zahl der relativ seltenen schweren Komplikationen durchaus relevant ist.
Patient: Der vorliegende Fall beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Weichteilphlegmone mit Kompartment-Syndrom
als schwere Komplikation einer VarizelleniInfektion.
Schlussfolgerung: Die hohe Zahl der teilweise schweren Komplikationen bei Windpocken wird von Impfgegnern
oft bei der Diskussion um die Notwendigkeit bzw. den Nutzen der seit 2004 bestehenden
generellen Empfehlung zur Varizellenimpfung wenig berücksichtigt. Die von uns beschriebene
schwere Komplikation einer Varizelleninfektion hätte wahrscheinlich durch eine Impfung
verhindert werden können.
Key words
Varicella zoster infection - compartment syndrome - necrotizing fasciitis - invasive
A streptococcal infection - vaccination
Zusammenfassung
Varizella-Zoster-Infektion - Kompartment-Syndrom - nekrotisierende Fasziitis - invasive
Streptokokken-Infektion - Impfung
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Correspondence
Dr. med. N.Schwerk
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin
Pädiatrische Pneumologie und Neonatologie
Carl-Neuberg Straße 1
30623 Hannover
Phone: +49/511/532 32 51
Fax: +49/511/532 91 25
Email: schwerk.nicolaus@mh-hannover.de