Autonome Neuropathien können isoliert oder als Begleiterscheinung anderer Erkrankungen
auftreten. Ihre Symptomatik kann diskret sein, den Betroffenen jedoch unter Umständen
auch in hohem Maße behindern. Die Komplexität der unterschiedlichen Organbeteiligungen
lässt sich am besten anhand der diabetischen autonomen Neuropathie darstellen. Ihre
Diagnose stützt sich insbesondere auf die Beurteilung der Herzfrequenz und der Herzfrequenzvariabilität
unter verschiedenen Belastungsmanövern sowie auf die Beurteilung der Blutdruckreaktion
während eines aktiven oder passiven Orthostasemanövers. Therapeutisch sollte zunächst
versucht werden, die auslösende Noxe zu eliminieren. Im Falle der diabetischen autonomen
Neuropathie sollten der Blutzucker nahe den physiologischen Werten eingestellt sowie
die Risikofaktoren wie Adipositas oder Hypertonie kontrolliert oder beseitigt werden.
Daneben stehen verschiedene symptomatische Maßnahmen zur Verfügung, um die Lebensqualität
dieser nicht selten schwer kranken Patienten zu erhalten.
Autonomic neuropathies may be isolated or may accompany other diseases. Symptoms may
be discrete or highly debilitating. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is well suited to
describe the diffuse nature of multi organ involvement. Diagnosis is mainly based
on the evaluation of heart rate and heart rate variability during autonomic challenge
maneuvers but on blood pressure responses to active or passive orthostatic challenge
as well. Initially, elimination of the causal noxa should be attempted. In diabetic
autonomic neuropathy, near-normoglycemia as well as reduction or elimination of risk
factors such as obesity or arterial hypertension are of prime importance. Moreover,
there are several symptomatic treatment options to maintain the quality of life of
these to some extent severely ill patients.
Key words
autonomic neuropathy - diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy - diagnostic tools -
therapeutic principles
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. Max-Josef Hilz
Neurologische Klinik Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
Schwabachanlage 6
91054 Erlangen
eMail: max.hilz@neuro.imed.uni-erlangen.de