Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Vergleichende Analyse des Krankheitsverlaufes von Patienten mit initialem Nachweis
einer Pfortaderthrombose bei HCC, die mittels sequenzieller TACE behandelt wurden.
Beurteilung der Effektivität und Sicherheit der Methode an einem selektionierten Patientengut.
Patienten und Methode: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden 22 Patienten mit einem HCC vorgestellt, die unter
palliativer Zielsetzung mittels TACE mindestens 3-mal behandelt wurden. Alle Patienten
wiesen zum Diagnosezeitpunkt eine mittels kontrastmittelverstärkter CT diagnostizierte
Pfortaderthrombose auf. Die TACE wurde mit einer Embolisatsuspension bestehend aus
10,0 mg Mitomycin C sowie 10-20 ml Lipiodol vorgenommen. Die Kontrolle des Krankheitsverlaufes
erfolgte mittels KM-verstärktem Multislice-CT sowie Kontrolle der Laborparameter (Blutbild,
Leberenzyme und Gerinnungsparameter). Ergebnisse: Das mittlere Überleben war 15,7 ± 8,0 Monate (95 %-CI 19,0-26,7) bei einem durchschnittlichen
Follow-up nach der letzten TACE von 6,1 ± 4,8 Monaten. Es wurden 5,5 ± 2,7 TACE pro
Patient durchgeführt. Im Untersuchungszeitraum sind 17 / 22 (77,3 %) Patienten verstorben.
In 23,5 % der Fälle wurde eine Leberinsuffizienz und in 58,8 % das Tumorleiden als
Todesursache angenommen. Die kumulative 1-, 2- und 3-Jahres-Überlebensrate betrug
55,0, 21,0 und 0 %. Die durchschnittliche Tumorgröße betrug bei Behandlungsbeginn
7,2 ± 3,4 cm. Ein unifokales HCC lag in 18,2 % der Fälle vor und ein multifokales
HCC in 81,8 %. In 59 % der Fälle waren zum Diagnosezeitpunkt beide Leberlappen betroffen.
Im Falle einer Tumorinfiltration der Pfortader fand sich ein signifikant schlechteres
Überleben (p = 0,01; kumulatives 1- und 2-Jahres-Überleben 46 % und 8 % vs. 77 % und
46 %). Die Child-Pugh-Klasse und die Tumorgröße bei Behandlungsbeginn hatten keinen
signifikanten Einfluss auf die Prognose. Schlussfolgerung: Die palliative Behandlung des HCC mittels TACE zeigt für Patienten mit initialem
Nachweis einer Pfortaderthrombose eine verbesserte Überlebensrate. Die Frequenz an
durch Leberdekompensation verstorbenen Patienten ist nicht erhöht. Patienten mit einer
Tumorinfiltration der Pfortader zeigten ein signifikant schlechteres Überleben als
Patienten mit einer blanden Pfortaderthrombose. Eine Pfortaderthrombose zum Diagnosezeitpunkt
des HCC stellt nach unserer Ansicht keine absolute Kontraindikation zur TACE-Therapie
dar, die Auswahl der Patienten zur TACE-Therapie muss die Leberfunktion der Patienten
jedoch kritisch berücksichtigen.
Abstract
Purpose: Comparative analysis of the course of disease in patients with initial diagnosis
of portal vein thrombosis in HCC treated with sequential TACE. Evaluation of the efficacy
and safety of the method in a selected patient cohort. Patients and Methods: The study included 22 patients with HCC that were palliatively treated at least 3
times with TACE. All patients presented a portal vein thrombosis in the initial CT
investigation. The TACE-procedure was carried out in regular intervals using a suspension
consisting of a fixed dosage of Mitomycin C (10 mg) and 10-20 ml Lipiodol. Follow-up
investigations were carried out with contrast enhanced Multislice-CT before and after
TACE and control of the laboratory panel (i. e. blood count, liver enzymes and coagulation).
Results: Mean survival was 15.7 months (95 %-CI 11.6-19.8) with a mean follow-up after last
TACE of 6.1 ± 4.8 months. The mean number of TACE procedures was 5.5 ± 2.7. During
the investigation period 17 / 22 (77.3 %) patients died. In 23.5 % retrospective analysis
revealed a liver decompensation as the cause of death and in 58.8 % patients died
from the tumor disease. The cumulative 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 55.0, 21.0 and
0 %. The mean tumor size was 7.2 ± 3.4 cm. Unifocal tumors were found in 18.2 % of
the cases whereas multifocal tumors were found in 81.8 %. In 59.1 % of the patients
tumor extended to both liver lobes. In case of tumor infiltration of the portal vein
survival was significantly worse compared to patients with no evidence of a tumor
thrombosis (p = 0.01; cumulative 1- and 2-year survival 46 % and 8 % vs. 77 % and
46 %). Conclusion: The palliative treatment of the HCC with TACE shows an improvement of survival. There
was no increase of death due to liver decompensation in our cohort. Patients with
a tumor infiltration of the portal vein showed a significantly worsened survival.
The presence of a portal vein thrombosis at the initial diagnosis of the HCC is not
an absolute contraindication for TACE treatment but patients have to be elected carefully
with critical regard to their liver function.
Schlüsselwörter
TACE - HCC - Überleben - Pfortaderthrombose - Tumorinfiltration
Key words
TACE - HCC - portal vein thrombosis - survival - tumor invasion
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Dr. S. Herber
Oberarzt der Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie
· Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität · Mainz
Langenbeckstr. 1
55131 Mainz
Phone: 00 49/61 31/17 20 19
Fax: 00 49/61 31/17 66 33
Email: herber@radiologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de