Mutterkraut

Zusammenfassung

Anfang der Siebzigerjahre des letzten Jahrhunderts wurde in einer englischen Zeitung über die heilende Wirkung von Mutterkraut (Tanacetum parthenium, Asteraceae) bei Migräne berichtet. In der Folge wurden die Chemie und Pharmakologie dieser traditionellen Heilpflanze intensiv beforscht und klinische Studien durchgeführt. Als Wirksubstanz steht Parthenolid im Fokus, ein Sesquiterpenlacton mit hoher biologischer Aktivität, die sich durch eine exocyclische Doppelbindung im Lactonring erklären lässt. Weitere 34 Sesquiterpenlactone wurden in der Droge nachgewiesen, außerdem verschiedene lipophile Flavonoide sowie ein ätherisches Öl mit ca. 50 Komponenten und (S)-(-)-Campher, trans-Chrysanthenylacetat und Camphen als Hauptkomponenten. Die Ergebnisse der klinischen Studien waren sehr unterschiedlich und konnten die Wirksamkeit als Migräneprophylaktikum nicht überzeugend bestätigen, sodass Mutterkraut den Sprung zum Arzneimittel noch nicht endgültig geschafft hat, obwohl die pharmakologische Datenlage vielversprechend ist. Mutterkrautextrakte und/oder Parthenolid greifen in verschiedene Vorgänge des Entzündungsgeschehens ein, wodurch sich die Wirkung bei Migräne und Arthritis erklären lässt. In Bezug auf die Wirkung von Mutterkraut wird auch das Zusammenspiel verschiedener Inhaltsstoffe der Droge diskutiert sowie die möglichen toxikologischen Eigenschaften, Nebenwirkungen und Interaktionen.

Summary

In the early 1970s an English newspaper reported on the successful use of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium, Asteraceae) for migraine, initiating intensive chemical and pharmacological studies of this traditional herb. Attention was focused on parthenolid, a sesquiterpene lactone with high biological activity. It is held responsible for the anti-migraine effect of feverfew. 34 further sesquiterpene lactones were identified in the herb as well as several lipophilic flavonoids and an essential oil with about 50 components, (S)-(-)-camphor, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and camphene being the major components. The clinical trials for treatment of migraine were not really convincing which prevented feverfew from achieving the status of an herbal medicinal product. But promising pharmacological data do exist: Extracts of feverfew and/or parthenolid were shown to interfere in several inflammatory processes which may explain their effects on migraine and arthritis. Nevertheless toxicology, side effects and interactions of the herb must be discussed.

Mutterkraut - Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. - Asteraceae - Parthenolid - Migräne - Pharmakologie - klinische Studien

Feverfew - Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. - Asteraceae - parthenolid - migraine - pharmacology - clinical trials

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