Zusammenfassung
Der Morbus Parkinson ist die häufigste und progredient verlaufende Bewegungserkrankung
in Deutschland, die durch das Auftreten von Dyskinesien und Wirkungsfluktuationen
zu einer erheblichen motorischen Einschränkung führt. Während der letzten Jahrzehnte
nimmt die dopaminerge Therapie (Levodopa und Dopaminagonisten) den höchsten Stellenwert
bei der Verbesserung motorischer Symptome im klinischen Alltag ein. Die motorischen
Komplikationen bei einem frühzeitigen Einsatz von Levodopa sowie das gehäufte Auftreten
von fibrotischen Herzklappenveränderungen bei Ergot-Dopaminagonisten hat zu einschneidenden
Konsequenzen in der aktuellen Behandlungsstrategie beim Morbus Parkinson geführt.
Neben seiner Rolle als Neurotransmitter spielen dopaminerg vermittelte Signale eine
wichtige Rolle bei der Regulation der adulten endogenen Neurogenese beim Gesunden
sowie beim Morbus Parkinson. Beim Morbus Parkinson könnte die Ursache für das früh
auftretende Riechdefizit in einer gestörten adulten Neurogenese im Bulbus olfactorius
liegen. Mehrere Studien weisen daraufhin, dass die Substantia nigra kein neurogenes
Potenzial besitzt.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the most prevalent and progressive movement disorder in Germany.
The occurrence of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations is the most common cause for
motor disability in affected patients. During recent decades dopaminergic stimulation
using levodopa and dopamine agonists is a very widely used and highly effective approach
for the symptomatic therapy in Parkinson's disease to alleviate motor symptoms. Levodopa-induced
motor complications in the early stages of treatment and the increased prevalence
of fibrotic valvular heart disease after ergot-derived dopamine agonists have a major
and dramatic impact for the therapeutic concept in Parkinson's disease. Besides its
role as neurotransmitter dopamine plays an important role in the regulation of endogenous
neurogenesis in the adult brain as well as in the diseased brain. An impaired olfactory
bulb neurogenesis may be linked to the olfactory deficits in Parkinson's disease.
It is important to note that the substantia nigra lacks the potential to replace endogenously
dopaminergic neurons.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Parkinson - Dopamin - Dopaminagonisten - adulte Neurogenese - Bulbus olfactorius
- Substantia nigra
Key words
Parkinson's disease - dopamine - dopamine agonists - adult neurogenesis - olfactory
bulb - substantia nigra
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Prof. Dr. Jürgen Winkler
Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Regensburg
Universitätsstraße 84
93053 Regensburg
Email: juergen.winkler@klinik.uni-regensburg.de