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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963593
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
MRT-Untersuchung des Neurokraniums vor Stammzelltransplantation - notwendig oder überflüssig?
MRI Screening before Stem Cell Transplantation - Necessary?Publikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 3.5.2007
angenommen: 13.9.2007
Publikationsdatum:
16. November 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Im Rahmen einer Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) werden häufig neurologische Komplikationen beobachtet, die auf die Immunsuppression und die Konditionierungstherapie sowie die GvHD-Prophylaxe und GvHD-Therapie zurückgeführt werden können. Ursachen könnten aber auch in ZNS-Veränderungen zu finden sein, die vor der SZT bestanden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Nutzen von Schädel-MRT’s vor einer SZT zu überprüfen. Material und Methoden: Bei 116 Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 1,1 bis 21,4 Jahren (Median 12,6 Jahre) wurde im Rahmen der Vorbereitung auf eine SZT eine Schädel-MRT an einem 1,5-T-MRT durchgeführt. Das Kurzprogramm bestand aus einer axialen T 1w-SE-Sequenz und einer koronalen T 2w-TSE-Sequenz. Beurteilt wurden die Weite der Liquorräume und strukturelle Veränderungen sowie die NNH. Bei auffälligen Befunden wurde das Untersuchungsprogramm entsprechend erweitert. Ergebnisse: Bei 5 / 116 Kindern (4,3 %) wurden vor der SZT Befunde diagnostiziert, die trotz fehlender klinischer Symptome einer sofortigen Therapie bedurften (1 × Aspergillom, 1 × Blutung bei AVM) bzw. bei denen das erhöhte Blutungsrisiko bei der SZT beachtet werden musste (Kavernom, AVM ohne Blutung). Bei 32 Kindern wurde eine Atrophie festgestellt (37,1 %). NNH-Affektionen zeigten 42 (36,2 %) Kinder. Schlussfolgerung: Die MRT-Befunde, die bei fehlender klinischer Symptomatik einer Therapie vor der SZT bedurften, rechtfertigen die Durchführung einer Schädel-MRT vor der Stammzelltransplantation.
Abstract
Purpose: In the context of stem cell transplantation (SCT), we often observe neurological complications as a consequence of immune system suppression, conditioning therapy or prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Furthermore, cerebral lesions in existence prior to transplantation can be found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to stem cell transplantation. Patients and Method: Cerebral MR examinations of 116 children and adolescents were performed before SCT. Patients ranged in age from 1.1 to 21.4 years (mean 12.6 years). All MR images were obtained by a 1.5 T system. The predefined short protocol included an axial T 1-weighted SE sequence and a coronary T 2-weighted TSE sequence. We evaluated existing cerebral lesions, the diameter of the ventricular system, and the paranasal sinuses. In the case of pathological findings, the short examination protocol was expanded. Results: In 5 of 116 children (4.3 %) we observed prior to SCT findings requiring immediate treatment although the patients did not show any clinical symptoms (1 × aspergilloma, 1 × hemorrhage of vascular anomaly). An increased risk of bleeding caused by cavernoma or another vascular anomaly without hemorrhage also had to be taken into account. 32 of 116 patients (37.1 %) showed atrophic lesions. In 42 children (36.2 %), we observed affections of the paranasal sinuses. Conclusion: The imaging findings requiring immediate treatment even though the children did not show any clinical signs, justify cerebral MR examinations prior to stem cell transplantation.
Key words
brain - grafts - MR imaging - stem cell transplantation - children and adolescents
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Dr. Hans-Joachim Mentzel
Pädiatrische Radiologie, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie
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