Neue Wege zur Früherkennung, Prognoseabschätzung und Therapie maligner Tumoren des Gastrointestinaltraktes

Zusammenfassung

Gastrointestinale Tumoren sind mit einer weltweiten Zahl von ca. 2 Millionen Neuerkrankungen und 1,2 Millionen Sterbefällen pro Jahr die häufigsten malignen Tumoren des Menschen. Sie sind meistens Erkrankungen des Seniums. Bei kontinuierlich steigender Lebenserwartung in den westlichen Industrienationen nimmt ihre relative und absolute Häufigkeit kontinuierlich zu. Nur so ist zu erklären, warum das distale Magenkarzinom bei abnehmender Inzidenz eine steigende Prävalenz aufweist. Gastrointestinale Tumoren werden auch zukünftig ein immanentes klinisches und gesundheitsökonomisches Problem darstellen. Ihre Prognose ist oft schlecht, da sie meistens zu spät diagnostiziert werden und die therapeutischen Optionen dann nur noch eingeschränkt sind. Um diesen Problemen zu begegnen, müssen Strategien entwickelt werden, die eine Identifikation von Risikopatienten und Tumoren im Frühstadium erlauben und auf eine breitere Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung stoßen. Es sollten prognostische und prädiktive Biomarker entwickelt und in der Klinik eingesetzt werden, die auch im Stande sind, eine Therapie in den verschiedenen Stadien einer Tumorerkrankung zu lenken.

Abstract

Tumours of the gastrointestinal tract are the single largest group of malignant tumours of humans accounting for approximately 2 million new cases and over 1.2 million deaths annually. They are most commonly a disease of the elderly, and their relative and absolute frequency will rise continuously due to an ageing population. This explains why the prevalence of gastric cancer increases in spite of a decreasing incidence. Gastrointestinal tumours will remain a major clinical and health economical challenge. The prognosis is often dismal. Most of these cancers are diagnosed in an advanced stage, which prohibits curative treatment and limits treatment options. In order to circumvent these problems, we need to develop strategies that allow identification of at-risk patients and tumours at an early stage, and raise the compliance in the general population for screening programmes. There is a great need in clinics for prognostic and predictive biomarkers that are able to tailor patient treatment at different stages of the disease.

Schlüsselwörter

Darm - Magenkarzinom - Magen - Ösophaguskarzinom - Ösophagus

Key words

esophagus - stomach - colon - cancer

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