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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-963225
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Aktueller Stand der 3D-/4D-Volumensonografie der Mamma
Current Status of 3D/4D Volume Ultrasound of the BreastPublication History
eingereicht: 14.1.2007
angenommen: 3.5.2007
Publication Date:
22 June 2007 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die 3D-/4D-Volumensonografie der Mamma ist eine etablierte Methode, die zahlreiche Möglichkeiten eröffnet, Ultraschallvolumendaten zu analysieren und darzustellen. Die beschriebenen Darstellungsmöglichkeiten gehen von automatisiert akquirierten Ultraschallvolumendatensätzen aus. Der multiplanare Darstellungsmodus ist die primäre Art, mit dieser Information in Kontakt zu treten. Der Nischenmodus gestattet einen stufenförmigen Schnitt durch den 3D-Volumsdatensatz. Die Oberflächendarstellung entspricht einer Rendertechnik, im Rahmen derer in unterschiedlicher Schichtdicke (üblicherweise 1 - 4 mm) ein Algorithmus gewählt wird, der die Oberflächenstrukturen des Volume of Interest (VOI) kontrastbetont abbildet. Der Transparenzmodus bietet die Möglichkeit, echoarme oder echoreiche Strukturen je nach Zielsetzung in ihrer räumlichen Position innerhalb des Ultraschalldatenwürfels darzustellen. Als Sonderform eines Transparenzmodus ist Glass Body Rendering zu verstehen, das in Zusammenhang mit Blutflussdarstellung die Farbdaten oberflächenrendert und die Gray-Scale-Daten transparent präsentiert. Der Inversionsmodus gestattet eine dreidimensionale Oberflächendarstellung echoarmer Strukturen. Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI) kann sowohl an einem statischen 3D-Volumendatensatz als auch als 4D-Technik im Rahmen einer dynamischen Untersuchung zum Einsatz kommen. Die Volumenkalkulation und dreidimensionale Formanalyse von Herden wird mittels virtueller computerassistierter Organanalyse (VoCal) durchgeführt. Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging (TUI) ist zur optimierten Dokumentation statischer 3D-Ultraschallvolumsdatensätze geeignet. Die 3D-/4D-Volumensonografie der Brust ermöglicht, die koronale Ebene diagnostisch zu nützen. In dieser wird bei gutartigen Mammaherden nach dem Kompressionsmuster und bei malignen Läsionen nach dem Retraktions- oder Sternmuster gesucht. Das indeterminierte Muster weist sowohl Züge des Kompressionsmusters als auch Zeichen des Retraktions-/Sternmusters auf. Glass Body Rendering stellt in Verbindung mit Powerdoppler, Farbdoppler oder High Definition Flow Imaging die dreidimensionale intra- und peritumorale Gefäßarchitektur dar. 3D-Targeting kann sowohl in Zusammenhang mit 2D- als auch mit 4D-gezielter Biopsienadel die Korrektheit der Nadellage oder deren Fehllage nachweisen. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die 3D-/4D-Volumensonografie der Mamma eine technisch fortgeschrittene und für die tägliche Anwendung in Mammadiagnostik und Mammaintervention geeignete Zusatzuntersuchung zur routinemäßig eingesetzten zweidimensionalen Sonografie ist.
Abstract
3D/4D volume ultrasound is an established method that offers various options for analyzing and presenting ultrasound volume data. The following imaging techniques are based on automatically acquired ultrasound volumes. The multiplanar view is the typical mode of 3D ultrasound data presentation. The niche mode view is a cut open view of the volume data set. The surface mode is a rendering technique that represents the data within a volume of interest (VOI) with different slice thicknesses (typically 1 - 4 mm) with a contrast-enhanced surface algorithm. Related to the diagnostic target, the transparency mode helps to present echopoor or echorich structures and their spatial relationships within the ultrasound volume. Glass body rendering is a special type of transparency mode that makes the grayscale data transparent and shows the color flow data in a surface render mode. The inversion mode offers a three-dimensional surface presentation of echopoor lesions. Volume Contrast Imaging (VCI) works with static 3D volume data and is able to be used with 4D for dynamic scanning. Volume calculation of a lesion and virtual computer-assisted organ analysis of the same lesion is performed with VoCal software. Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging (TUI) is the perfect tool to document static 3D ultrasound volumes. 3D/4D volume ultrasound of the breast provides diagnostic information of the coronal plane. In this plane benign lesions show the compression pattern sign, while malignant lesions show the retraction pattern or star pattern sign. The indeterminate pattern of a lesion combines signs of compression and retraction or star pattern in the coronal plane. Glass body rendering in combination with Power-Doppler, Color-Doppler or High-Definition Flow Imaging presents the intra- and peritumoral three-dimensional vascular architecture. 3D targeting shows correct or incorrect needle placement in all three planes after 2D or 4D needle guidance. In conclusion, it is safe to say that 3D/4D volume ultrasound of the breast is technically advanced and suitable for daily diagnostic and interventional breast work in addition to routinely used 2D sonography.
Key words
breast - 3D ultrasound - 4D ultrasound
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Dr. Christian Weismann
Department für Mammadiagnostik und Mammaintervention, Universitätsinstitut für Radiodiagnostik,
LKH Salzburg
Müllner Hauptstraße 48
5020 Salzburg
Phone: ++43/6 62/4 48 25 77 71
Fax: ++43/6 62/44 82 39 64
Email: christian.weismann@inode.at