Hip Ultrasound

Laura W. Bancroft; Debbie J. Merinbaum; Christopher G. Zaleski; Jeffrey J. Peterson; Mark J. Kransdorf; Thomas H. Berquist

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1001878

Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology, Table of Contents

Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2007; 11(2): 126-136
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1001878

Hip Ultrasound

Laura W. Bancroft¹ , Debbie J. Merinbaum¹ ^, ² , Christopher G. Zaleski¹ ^, ² , Jeffrey J. Peterson¹ , Mark J. Kransdorf¹ , Thomas H. Berquist¹

¹Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
²Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Clinic/Wolfson Children's Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Sonography has been widely utilized for several decades in the diagnosis and follow-up of developmental dysplasia of the hip due to its ability to visualize the nonossified femoral head and portions of the acetabulum in neonates, dynamic capabilities, accuracy, and lack of nonionizing radiation. Furthermore, hip sonography is also used throughout parts of the world to diagnose and guide intervention for both children and adults. The hip joint, tendons, and periarticular structures can be delineated with sonography in a variety of congenital, developmental, infectious, inflammatory, arthritic, traumatic, and neoplastic disorders. The following discussion focuses on the sonographic technique and imaging characteristics of congenital and developmental anomalies of the hip in children, as well as the sonographic evaluation of the hip joint and tendons.

KEYWORDS

Hip - ultrasound - developmental dysplasia - infection - injection

Full Text

References

REFERENCES

1 Grissom L E, Harke H T. Developmental dysplasia of the pediatric hip with emphasis on sonographic evaluation. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 1999; 3 359-369
2 Keller M S. Musculoskeletal sonography in the neonate and infant. Pediatr Radiol. 2005; 35 1167-1173
3 Keller M S, Weltin G G, Rattner Z et al.. Normal instability of the hip in the neonate: US standards. Radiology. 1988; 169 733-736
4 Harcke H T. Imaging methods used for children with hip dysplasia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005; 434 71-77
5 Roberts C S, Beck Jr D J, Heinsen J et al.. Review article: diagnostic ultrasonography: applications in orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002; 401 248-264
6 Lowry C A, Donoghue V B, Murphy J F. Auditing hip ultrasound screening of infants at increased risk of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Arch Dis Child. 2005; 90 579-581
7 Alexiev V A, Harcke H T, Kumar S J. Residual dysplasia after successful Pavlik harness treatment: early ultrasound predictors. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006; 26 16-23
8 Harcke H T, Lee M S, Sinning L et al.. Ossification center of the infant hip: sonographic and radiographic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986; 147 317-321
9 Harcke H T, Grissom L E. Performing dynamic sonography of the infant hip. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990; 155 837-844
10 Filly A L, Robnett-Filly B, Filly R A. Syndromes with focal femoral deficiency. J Ultrasound Med. 2004; 23 1511-1516
11 Resnick D. Additional congenital or heritable anomalies and syndromes. In Resnick D Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders. 4th ed. Philadelphia; WB Saunders 2002: 4561-4631
12 Kayser R, Mahlfeld K, Grasshoff H et al.. Proximal focal femoral deficiency-a rare entity in the sonographic differential diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. J Pediatr. 2005; 146 141
13 Levinson E D, Ozonoff M B, Royen P M. Proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD). Radiology. 1977; 125 197-203
14 Marchal G J, Van Holsbeeck M T, Raes M et al.. Transient synovitis of the hip in children: role of US. Radiology. 1987; 162 825-828
15 Blankenbaker D G, De Smet A A. The role of ultrasound in the evaluation of sports injuries of the lower extremities. Clin Sports Med. 2006; 25 867-897
16 Weybright P N, Jacobson J A, Murry K H et al.. Limited effectiveness of sonography in revealing hip joint effusion: preliminary results in 21 adult patients with native and postoperative hips. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003; 181 215-218
17 Miller T T. Abnormalities in and around the hip: MR imaging versus sonography. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2005; 13 799-809
18 Luhmann S J, Jones A, Schootman M et al.. Differentiation between septic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip in children with clinical prediction algorithms. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004; 86-A 956-962
19 Robben S GF, Lequin M H, Diepstraten A FM et al.. Anterior joint capsule of the normal hip and in children with transient synovitis: US study with anatomic and histologic correlation. Radiology. 1999; 210 499-507
20 Chao H C, Lin S J, Huang Y C et al.. Color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of osteomyelitis in children. J Ultrasound Med. 1999; 18 729-734
21 Ostergaard M, Wiell C. Ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis: a very promising method still needing more validation. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004; 16 223-230
22 Walther M, Harms H, Krenn V et al.. Synovial tissue of the hip at power Doppler US: correlation between vascularity and power Doppler US signal. Radiology. 2002; 225 225-231
23 Soini I, Kotaniemi A, Kautianen H et al.. US assessment of hip joint synovitis in rheumatic diseases. Acta Radiol. 2003; 44 72-78
24 Miller T T. Sonography of joint replacements. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2006; 10 79-85
25 Rezig R, Copercini M, Montet X et al.. Ultrasound diagnosis of anterior iliopsoas impingement in total hip replacement. Skeletal Radiol. 2004; 33 112-116
26 van Holsbeeck M T, Eyler W R, Sherman L S et al.. Detection of infection in loosened hip prostheses: efficacy of sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994; 163 381-384
27 Gibbon W W, Long G, Barron D A et al.. Complications of orthopedic implants: sonographic evaluation. J Clin Ultrasound. 2002; 30 288-299
28 Cyteval C, Sarrabere M P, Cottin A et al.. Iliopsoas impingement on the acetabular component: radiologic and computed tomography findings of a rare hip prosthesis complication in eight cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003; 27 183-188
29 Blankenbaker D G, DeSmet A A, Keene J S. Sonography of the iliopsoas tendon and injection of the iliopsoas bursa for diagnosis and management of the painful snapping hip. Skeletal Radiol. 2006; 35 565-571
30 Blankenbaker D G, Tuite M J. The painful hip: new concepts. Skeletal Radiol. 2006; 35 352-370
31 Bianchi S, Martinoli C, Keller A et al.. Giant iliopsoas bursitis: sonographic findings with magnetic resonance correlations. J Clin Ultrasound. 2002; 30 437-441
32 Adler R S, Buly R, Ambrose R et al.. Diagnostic and therapeutic use of sonography-guided iliopsoas peritendinous injections. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005; 185 940-943
33 Ilizaliturri Jr V M, Villalobos Jr F E, Chaidez P A et al.. Internal snapping hip syndrome: treatment by endoscopic release of the iliopsoas tendon. Arthroscopy. 2005; 21 1375-1380
34 Finlay K, Friedman L. Ultrasonography of the lower extremity. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006; 37 245-275
35 Pelsser V, Cardinal E, Hobden R et al.. Extraarticular snapping hip: sonographic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001; 176 67-73
36 Pfirrmann C W, Chung C B, Theumann N H et al.. Greater trochanter of the hip: attachment of the abductor mechanism and a complex of three bursae-MR imaging and MR bursography in cadavers and MR imaging in symptomatic volunteers. Radiology. 2001; 221 469-477

Laura W BancroftM.D.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic

4500 San Pablo Blvd., Jacksonville, FL 32224

Email: Bancroft.Laura@Mayo.edu