Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Untersuchung: Ziel der Untersuchung war die Ermittlung epidemiologischer Daten über die Häufigkeit
der Sepsis auf einer universitären allgemeinchirurgischen Intensivstation. Das Hauptinteresse
galt der Inzidenz, den Ursachen und dem klinischen Verlauf von Patienten mit einer
Peritonitis. Neben den epidemiologischen Daten sollen die Ergebnisse Rückschlüsse
für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Sepsis auf chirurgischen Intensivstationen erlauben.
Methodik: Zur Auswertung kamen 2 676 Patienten der chirurgischen ITS aus den Jahren 2000-2002.
Bei 561 Patienten (21 %) mit einer Infektion als Hauptdiagnose wurden die Infektionslokalisationen
und der klinische Verlauf unter Zuhilfenahme der Krankendokumentation ausgewertet.
Für die 356 Patienten mit einer Peritonitis (13,3 %) wurden Ursache, Schweregrad und
infektiologische Besonderheiten im klinischen Behandlungsablauf erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Inzidenz der schweren Sepsis auf der chirurgischen ITS beträgt 14,8 %. Die Peritonitis
steht bei den infektiologischen Hauptdiagnosen mit einem Anteil von 63 % an erster
Stelle. 33,8 % der Peritonitiden waren nosokomialer Genese. Eine schwere Sepsis bzw.
einen septischen Schock entwickelten 71,3 % der Patienten mit einer Peritonitis. Durchschnittlich
4,7 zusätzliche abdominelle Operationen und 5,1 nosokomiale Folgeinfektionen kennzeichnen
den Verlauf der Patienten mit einer tertiären Peritonitis. Prädiktiv für die Entwicklung
einer tertiären Peritonitis waren nosokomiale Genese (70 %), initial hohe Scoring-Werte
und unzureichende Herdsanierung (23,7 %). Mit einem Anteil von 17 % an allen Peritonitisfällen
und einer Letalität von 35 % beeinflussen diese Patienten deutlich die Gesamtletalität
der ITS. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Peritonitis ist die Hauptursache schwerer Sepsis auf chirurgischer Intensivstation.
Nosokomiale insbesondere die tertiäre Peritonitis haben die höchste Letalität unter
den Bauchrauminfektionen. Die hohe Letalität wird durch die hohe Zahl an schweren
Verläufen mit schwerer Sepsis und septischem Schock bedingt. Bei den schweren Verlaufsformen
scheinen infektiologische und operative „second hits” für die Therapie und Prognose
eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen. Um die hohe Letalität der Bauchrauminfektionen zu
senken, muss in zukünftigen Studien dem Problem der nosokomialen und tertiären Peritonitis
vermehrte Bedeutung geschenkt werden.
Abstract
Introduction: Aim of the study was to determine the epidemiology of sepsis in an university surgical
intensive care unit. We were mainly interested in getting information about incidence,
reason and clinical course of peritonitis. The results should give more information
about diagnostic and therapy of sepsis in the surgical intensive care. Methods: We analyzed our 2 676 ICU-patients from 2000 to 2002 with infection as main diagnosis.
By means of medical report we analyzed the kind of infection and the clinical course
of 561 (21 %) patients. For 356 (13.3 %) patients with peritonitis we observed the
kind, the reason and the severity of infection and further the special events in the
clinical course. Results: The incidence of severe sepsis was 14.8 %. With 63 % the peritonitis is the main
infectiological diagnosis on admission to ICU. 33.8 % of infections are hospital acquired.
71.3 % of patients with peritonitis developed a severe sepsis or septic shock during
the clinical course. On average 4.7 further abdominal surgical interventions and 5.1
new occurring nosocomial infections marked a difficult surgical and infectious treatment
course. Hospital acquired infections (70 %), high value of scoring and inadequate
surgical treatment (23.7 %) have proved to be a good prognostic instrument for the
development of tertiary peritonitis. With a share of 17 % from patients with peritonitis
and a mortality of 35 % they have a strong influence on the ICU-mortality. Conclusion: Peritonitis is the main reason of severe sepsis on the surgical ICU. Hospital aquired
infections especially the tertiary peritonitis have the highest mortality. High mortality
is the consequence from the large number of difficult clinical courses and high rates
of severe sepsis and septic shock. “Second hits” play a crucial role for the therapy
and the prognosis of these patients. To decline the mortality future studies must
more consider the problem of hospital acquired and tertiary abdominal infections.
Schlüsselwörter
Epidemiologie - Sepsis - nosokomiale Infektionen - Peritonitis
Key words
epidemiology - sepsis - hospital aquired infections - peritonitis
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Dr. med. G. Weiss
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