Terpenoid Composition of the Wound-Induced Bark Exudate of Commiphora tenuis from Ethiopia

Abstract

The bark of Commiphora tenuis Vollensen exudes a translucent, free-flowing odoriferous liquid upon wounding which was analysed by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. 42 mono-and sesquiterpenes were detected and 37 identified. The main components of the monoterpenoid fraction were α-pinene (60.8%), β-pinene (8.8%), sabinene (6.3%), α-thujene (8.9%), limonene (5.5%), 3-carene (3.7%), β-myrcene (1.8%), and β-elemene (1.1%) constituting 97% of the oil. Identified sesquiterpenoid components constituted approximately 1.6% of the oil. Oleanolic acid acetate was isolated and identified as the main triterpene from the resin by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. Three other triterpenes of the olean-12-ene group were also detected using GC-MS. The essential oil exhibited antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and E. coli with MIC between 0.5 and 1%.