Interventionskonzepte für Angehörige von Schlaganfallpatienten: Bedarf und Effektivität

Zusammenfassung

Die meisten Schlaganfallpatienten werden nach ihrer Entlassung aus der Klinik durch Angehörige betreut. Für die Angehörigen bedeutet dies in den meisten Fällen langfristige Anforderungen sowie häufig auch gesundheitliche Belastungen. Es existieren verschiedene Angebote, welche die Angehörigen bei dieser Aufgabe unterstützen und somit zu ihrer Entlastung beitragen sollen. Bisher ist jedoch nicht ausreichend untersucht, inwieweit die verschiedenen Interventionskonzepte den Bedarf der Angehörigen tatsächlich erfüllen und wie effektiv die Interventionen hinsichtlich der Verringerung von Belastungsstörungen sind. Bisher können fünf verschiedene Typen von Interventionskonzepten zur Unterstützung der Angehörigen von Schlaganfallpatienten unterschieden werden: Spezielle Dienstleistungen, Psychoedukation, psychotherapeutische Interventionen, soziale Unterstützung durch Betroffene und Mehrkomponenteninterventionen. Auf der Basis von 42 Interventionsstudien wird versucht, eine vorläufige Aussage zur Effektivität von Interventionskonzepten zu treffen. Die Mehrkomponentenintervention mit psychotherapeutischen Strategien erweist sich diesbezüglich als empfehlenswerte Variante.

Abstract

After discharge from hospital most stroke patients are being cared for by relatives. In the majority of cases it does mean long-term demands for relatives and often it has also an effect on their health. There is a variety of possibilities for offering support to relatives in accomplishing their tasks and thus contribute to a relief of burden. There has not yet been enough research investigating how various intervention concepts really meet the needs of the relatives and how effective the interventions reduce the burden of the caregivers. Five types of intervention concepts for supporting relatives of stroke patients can be differentiated so far: special services, training, counselling, social support through other caregivers and multi-component interventions. On the basis of 42 intervention studies an attempt is being made to give a preliminary statement about the effectiveness of intervention models. The multi-component interventions combined with psychotherapeutic strategies seem to emerge as a recommendable concept.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlaganfall - Angehörige - Interventionen - Evaluation

Key words

stroke - caregivers - interventions - evaluation

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