Beatmung und Thoraxkompression - Basismaßnahmen sind unabdingbare Grundlage der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation

Einzige mögliche Therapie eines plötzlichen Kreislaufstillstandes ist die sofort eingeleitete kardiopulmonale Reanimation (CPR). Diese besteht aus einfachen Basismaßnahmen, die jeder Laienhelfer ohne Hilfsmittel einleiten kann, und erweiterten Maßnahmen, wie eine Gabe von Medikamenten, die professionellem Rettungspersonal vorbehalten bleiben. Zu den Basismaßnahmen gehört zum einen die Beatmung über einen ungeschützten Atemweg, die eine Oxygenierung des Blutes aufrechterhalten soll. Zum anderen umfassen die Basismaßnahmen die Thoraxkompressionen, die einen minimalen Blutkreislauf zu lebenswichtigen Organen gewährleisten. Obgleich eine erfolgreiche kardiopulmonale Reanimation mit Basismaßnahmen allein nur selten möglich ist, sind diese die unabdingbare Grundlage jeder kardiopulmonalen Reanimation. So kann eine von Zeugen eines Kreislaufstillstandes begonnene Laien-CPR die bis zum Eintreffen professioneller Retter entstehenden Organschäden minimieren und damit das Leben des Betroffenen retten. Zudem sind effizient und korrekt durchgeführte Basismaßnahmen unabdingbare Voraussetzung auch aller erweiterten CPR-Maßnahmen professioneller Retter.

The only possible treatment of sudden circulatory arrest is the immediate application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This comprises simple basic measures that can be implemented by any layperson without the need for special aids, followed by further measures such as the administration of drugs, which remains the domain of professional emergency medical helpers. The basic measures include ventilation via an unprotected airway, with the aim of maintaining oxygenation of the blood. Additional basic measures are compression of the chest with the aim of ensuring a minimum blood supply to vital organs. Although successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation applying basis measures alone is only rarely possible, it is an indispensable prerequisite for any cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This means that CPR initiated by any layperson witnessing a cardiac arrest, and maintained until professional help arrives, can minimise organic injury and thus save the life of the victim. Moreover, effective and correctly implemented basic measures represent an essential jumping off point for all further CPR measures applied by professional helpers.

Key Words

circulatory arrest - basic life support - cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ventilation - compression

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