Zusammenfassung
Morbus Parkinson als langsam fortschreitende, neurodegenerative Erkrankung des Zentralnervensystems,
die weltweit etwa 10 Millionen Menschen betrifft, wird zurzeit rein symptomatisch
behandelt. Hierbei besteht das Ziel vorwiegend darin, den herabgesetzten Dopaminstoffwechsel
in striatalen Neuronen auszugleichen. Eine chronische Einnahme dopaminerger Substanzen,
wie z. B. Levodopa, verstärkt auf lange Sicht jedoch das Auftreten motorischer Komplikationen
und Dyskinesien. Dyskinesien präsentieren sich am häufigsten als Chorea, Athetose,
Dystonie, Stereotypie, Ballismus oder eine Kombination. Häufig basieren diese unwillkürlichen
Bewegungen des Gesichts, des Rumpfes und der Extremitäten auf der Gesamtmenge der
dopaminergen Substitution. Therapiestrategien basieren daher auf einer Reduktion der
Gesamtdosis von Dopamin. Alternativ bzw. ergänzend eingesetzt werden Apomorphin, Amantadin
oder Clozapin. Neuere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten entstehen durch Substanzen wie Sarizotan,
Istradefylline, Fipampezol oder Talampanel. Trotzdem resultieren Beeinträchtigungen
und reduzierte Lebensqualität der Patienten und deren Angehörigen. Diese Übersicht
beschreibt die klinischen Hauptmerkmale sowie Ätiologie und Demografie therapieassoziierter
Dyskinesien beim Morbus Parkinson.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a slowly, progressive degenerative disorder of the central
nervous system, which affects about ten million people world-wide, is currently treated
symptomatically. Current treatment aim i. e. to balance the decreased dopamine turnover
in striatal neurons. Chronic exposure to dopaminergic agents, however, supports onset
of motor complications and dyskinesia in the long term. Dyskinesia appear mainly as
chorea, athetosis, dystonia, stereotypia, ballism or a combination. Sometimes excessive
abnormal facial, body and limb movements depend on the overall dosage of dopaminergic
substitution. This is why the main therapy is based on reducing the total dosage of
dopaminergic substances. Either alternative or additional well-tried substances like
apomorphine, amantadine or clozapine are used. New possibilities in treatment emerge
from substances like sarizotan, istradefylline, fipampezol or talampanel. Even so
disability and reduced quality of life in PD patients and their caregivers may exist.
This survey describes the major clinical features, aetiology and demographics of treatment-associated
dyskinesia in PD.
Schlüsselwörter
Morbus Parkinson - Dyskinesien - Therapie des M. Parkinson
Key words
parkinson's disease - dyskinesias - therapy of parkinson's disease
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Gisa Ellrichmann
Neurologische Klinik St. Josef-Hospital, Bochum
Gudrunstraße 56
44791 Bochum
eMail: gisa.ellrichmann@rub.de
