Zusammenfassung
Beta-Blocker gehören zu den erfolgreichsten Substanzklassen der Medizin. Meist werden
sie in der Inneren Medizin eingesetzt. In der Psychiatrie wurden Beta-Blocker erstmals
vor 40 Jahren bei Angstpatienten angewandt. Seitdem wurde die Wirksamkeit von Beta-Blockern
bei schizophrenen und manischen Psychosen, bei vegetativen Entzugssymptomen und bei
aggressiven Verhaltensstörungen untersucht. Ebenso werden Beta-Blocker bei unerwünschten
Wirkungen von Psychopharmaka, wie Neuroleptika- oder Antidepressiva-induzierten Tachykardien,
Lithium-induziertem Tremor, Neuroleptika-induzierter Akathisie sowie bei Spätdyskinesien
eingesetzt. Seit Mitte der 90er Jahre wurden Augmentationsstrategien einer antidepressiven
Pharmakotherapie mit dem serotonerg wirksamen Beta-Blocker Pindolol entwickelt. Traumatische
Gedächtnisinhalte werden unter noradrenerger Aktivierung vermutlich vermehrt gespeichert.
Aus diesem Grund wird der lipidlösliche, die Bluthirnschranke gut passierende Beta-Blocker
Propranolol seit einigen Jahren bei Patienten mit posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung
(PTSD) versuchsweise eingesetzt. Basierend auf einer umfassenden Literaturübersicht
diskutiert der vorliegende Artikel sämtliche Indikationen für Beta-Blocker im Bereich
der Psychiatrie. Unter Berücksichtigung evidenzbasierter Leitlinienaspekte sind Beta-Blocker
beim Lithium-induzierten Tremor, bei Neuroleptika-induzierter Akathisie und bei aggressivem
Verhalten von Patienten mit hirnorganischen Störungen indiziert.
Abstract
Beta-adrenoceptor blockers belong to the most successful drug classes of medicine.
Mainly they are used in internal medicine. 40 years ago beta-adrenoceptor blockers
have occasionally been used in psychiatry for the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Over the past four decades, the effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment
of schizophrenic and manic psychoses, withdrawal syndromes and aggressive behaviour
with temper outbursts has been investigated. Beta-adrenoceptor blockers are also used
in the treatment of side-effects of psychopharmacological agents like neuroleptic
or antidepressant-induced tachycardias, lithium-induced tremor, antipsychotic-induced
akathisia or tardive dyskinesia as well. Since the mid-nineties it has been attempted
to improve the efficacy of antidepressant agents by means of the 5-HT-1a-receptorantagonist pindolol. Presumedly memory consolidation of traumatic events
can be enhanced by adrenergic activation. Therefore some open clinical trials investigated
the effects of propranolol, a lipid soluble drug, which crosses the blood-brain barrier
easily, to reduce the manifestation of PTSD. The present review presents the results
of the literature with respect to the indications for beta-blockers in psychiatry.
Considering evidence-based-medicine criteria beta-blockers are indicated to treat
lithium-induced tremor, antipsychotic-induced akathisia and to reduce aggressive behavior
of patients with brain-injuries.
Schlüsselwörter
Beta-Blocker - Psychiatrische Erkrankungen - Antiaggressive Wirkungen - Lithium-induzierter
Tremor - Akathisie - Tardive Dyskinesien - Pindolol-Augmentation von Antidepressiva
- Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTSD)
Key words
beta-adrenoceptor blockers - psychiatric disorders - antiaggressive effects - lithium-induced
tremor - akathisia, tardive dyskinesia - pindolol-augmentation of antidepressant agents
- posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD)
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Dr. Jürgen Kornischka
Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie & Psychosomatik am Klinikum Herford Akademisches
Lehrkrankenhaus der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
Schwarzenmoorstr. 70
32049 Herford
Email: juergen.kornischka@klinikum-herford.de