Schlafmangel - Risikofaktor für Adipositas und Diabetes?

Zusammenfassung

Schlafstörungen und Schlafmangel sind in den westlichen Gesellschaften keine Seltenheit mehr. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung nimmt die Prävalenz von Adipositas und Diabetes dramatisch zu. In letzter Zeit wurden Ergebnisse einer Reihe epidemiologischer Untersuchungen publiziert, die eine unabhängige Assoziation von Schlafmangel bzw. Schlafstörungen mit Adipositas und Diabetes zeigen. Experimentelle Studien geben zusätzlich Hinwiese darauf, dass Schlafmangel auch kausal mit der Entstehung von Adiposiats und Diabetes zusammenhängen könnte. Kurzzeitiger Schlafmangel erhöht Hungergefühle und Appetit und vermindert Glukosetoleranz und Insulinsekretion. Vermittelt werden diese Effekte wahrscheinlich über eine Beeinflussung der Sekretion verschiedener Hormone wie Ghrelin, Leptin und Kortisol sowie über das autonome Nervensystem. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit soll ein zusammenfassender Überblick über die derzeit zu diesem Thema vorliegende Literatur gegeben und die möglicherweise zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Zusammenhänge dargestellt werden.

Abstract

Sleep disturbances and sleep loss are increasingly common in western societies. In parallel to this development the prevalence of obesity and diabetes is also dramatically on the rise. Recently, a series of studies have been published the results of which clearly suggest an association between sleep loss and these metabolic disorders. Furthermore, experimental studies hint at a causal relationship in which sleep loss contributes to the development of adiposity and diabetes. Sleep loss increases hunger and appetite and decreases glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. These effects are most likely mediated by an influence on the secretion of several hormones such as ghrelin, leptin, and cortisol as well as on the autonomic nervous system. This review attempts to provide an overview of the presently available literature on this issue and to describe potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Schlüsselwörter

Schlafmangel - Stresshormone - Insulinresistenz - Leptin - Ghrelin

Key words

Sleep loss - stress hormones - insulin resistance - leptin - ghrelin

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