Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Die Rhabdomyolyse ist eine folgenschwere Komplikation der bariatrischen Chirurgie.
Sie führt zum Nierenversagen und wird durch Ischämie, Traumata, Alkoholvergiftungen
und Drogen verursacht. Nur wenige Berichte über das Risiko der Rhabdomyolyse bei bariatrischen
Eingriffen liegen vor. Die Inzidenz liegt dabei zwischen 0,9 und 22,7 % [2]
[18]. Methoden: In der bariatrischen Chirurgie tritt die Rhabdomyolyse in Folge der Schädigung der
Skelettmuskulatur auf. Hauptursache der druckbedingten Muskelnekrose ist die prolongierte
intraoperative Immobilisation des Patienten insbesondere bei der laparoskopischen
Bypasschirurgie. Die Ätiologie, Pathophysiologie, Komplikationen und die Diagnostik
sowie Daten der Literatur werden dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Postoperativ geht die Rhabdomyolyse mit Schmerzen in den betroffenen Muskelgruppen,
den Hüften und den Schultern einher. Der Anstieg der Kreatinkinase und des Myoglobins
führen im Verlauf zum schweren Nierenversagen und Multiorganversagen mit tödlichem
Ausgang, wenn Diagnostik und Therapie nicht zeitgerecht erfolgen. Fazit: Bei morbid adipösen Patienten und insbesondere bei bariatrischen Eingriffen ist das
Risiko der Rhabdomyolyse deutlich erhöht. Die Muskelkompression insbesondere bei laparoskopischen
Eingriffen führt zur Rhabdomyolyse. Diese ist in der bariatrischen Chirurgie eine
schwerwiegende Komplikation mit komplexem Pathomechanismus.
Abstract
Background: Rhabdomyolysis is an uncommon event in bariatric surgery. Rhabdomyolysis is cause
of renal failure and it's commonly caused by ischemia, crush injury, alcohol ingestion
and drug intake. Only few reports suggest that bariatric surgical patients are a risk
for rhabdomyolysis. The incidence is reported between 0.9 % up to 22.7 % [2]
[18]. Methods: In obesity surgery rhabdomyolysis is caused by injury and destruction of skeletal
muscle. The main risk factor of postoperative rhabdomyolysis is prolonged intraoperative
immobilization especially in case of laparoscopic Roux-Y-Bypass and biliopancreatic
diversion. Aetiology, pathophysiology, complications, diagnosis and literature are
reviewed. Results: Postoperatively rhabdomyolysis is accompanied by pain in the region of reffered muscle
group, hips and shoulder. Increase in creatine phosphokinase levels and myoglobinuria
leading to severe renal failure and finally multi-organ dysfunction and death if not
treated in time. Conclusions: Obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery should be considered at risk of rhabdomyolysis.
Prolonged muscle compression at the time of surgery especially in laparoscopic procedures
may produce this complication. In bariatric surgery rhabdomyolysis is a severe complication
with a complex pathobiochemical and pathophysical mechanism.
Schlüsselwörter
Rhabdomyolyse - morbide Adipositas - bariatrische Chirurgie - akutes Nierenversagen
Key words
rhabdomyolysis - morbid obesity - bariatric surgery - renal failure
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Dr. C. Stroh
Departement für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie · SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera gGmbH
Straße des Friedens 122
07548 Gera
Phone: 03 65/8 28 31 01
Fax: 03 65/8 28 31 02
Email: Christine.Stroh@wkg.srh.de