Zusammenfassung
Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) hat aufgrund der hohen Prävalenz,
aber auch im Hinblick auf die häufig bestehenden komorbiden Erkrankungen eine große
klinische Bedeutung. So konnten verschiedene Studien zeigen, dass die ADHS auch ein
bedeutender Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Suchterkrankung ist. In einer eigenen
Studie wurden 152 erwachsene Patienten mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeit (n = 91) bzw.
einer multiplen Substanzabhängigkeit (n = 61) auf das Vorliegen einer ADHS untersucht.
Bei 20,9 % (WURS) bzw. 23,1 % (DSM-IV Diagnosekriterien) der alkoholabhängigen Patienten
ergaben sich retrospektiv Hinweise auf das Vorliegen einer ADHS in der Kindheit. Bei
26,3 % der Patienten ließ sich mit Hilfe der CAARS ein Persistieren der Diagnose im
Erwachsenenalter feststellen. In der Gruppe der Substanzabhängigen erfüllten 50,8
% (WURS) bzw. 54,1 % (DSM-IV) der Patienten die diagnostischen Kriterien für das Vorliegen
einer ADHS in der Kindheit, bei 65,5 % (CAARS) persistierte die Erkrankung im Erwachsenenalter.
Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass bei Suchterkrankungen von einer hohen Komorbidität
mit ADHS auszugehen ist, die sowohl in Form eines Alkoholmissbrauchs als auch durch
den Konsum illegaler Drogen zum Ausdruck kommen kann. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen
die große Bedeutung einer frühzeitigen und adäquaten Diagnostik und Therapie der ADHS
zur Prävention von Suchterkrankungen.
Summary
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is of great clinical importance not
only because of its high prevalence but also due to the frequent comorbid illnesses
that are connected with this disorder. Several studies were able to demonstrate that
ADHD constitutes a significant risk factor for the exacerbation of habit-forming illnesses,
i.e. addictions.
We conducted a study with 152 adult patients with alcohol dependence (n = 91), respectively,
multiple substance addiction (n = 61) to determine whether or not these patients were
affected by ADHD. 20,9 % (WURS), respectively, 23,1 % (DSM-IV criteria) of the alcohol-dependent
patients showed evidence of retrospective ADHS affliction in childhood. With the help
of CAARS ADHD was proved persistent in 26,3 % of the adult patients. In the group
of substance-addicted patients 50,8 % (WURS), respectively, 54,1 % (DSM-IV) presented
with diagnostic criteria for ADHS in childhood and 65,5 % (CAARS) showed evidence
of ADHD persisting in adult age. These results reveal that habit-forming illnesses
can be associated with a high comorbidity with ADHD, expressed in the form of alcohol
abuse and also in the consumption of illegal drugs. The results underline the great
importance of early and adequate diagnostics and therapy of ADHD for the prevention
of habit-forming illnesses.
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Korrespondenzadresse:
Dr. med. Martin Ohlmeier
Facharzt für Neurologie, Facharzt für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie
Oberarzt der Abteilung, Klinische Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinischen Hochschule
Hannover (MHH)
Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1
30625 Hannover
eMail: Ohlmeier.Martin@MH-Hannover.de