Semin Vasc Med 2005; 05(4): 365-370
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-922481
Copyright © 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

D-Dimer, Oral Anticoagulation, and Venous Thromboembolism Recurrence

Benilde Cosmi1 , Gualtiero Palareti1
  • 1Department of Angiology and Blood Coagulation “Marino Golinelli,” S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
22. November 2005 (online)

ABSTRACT

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires prolonged treatment to prevent late recurrences. However, the optimal duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy is still controversial. More recently, D-dimer (D-d) has emerged as a predictive factor for recurrences. D-d has been evaluated both during and after VKA treatment. Some patients with DVT of the lower limbs have persistently high D-d during anticoagulation and this could reflect insufficient anticoagulation despite apparently adequate antithrombotic treatment. Altered D-d during anticoagulation is more frequent in patients with idiopathic or cancer-associated VTE than in those with secondary VTE. In subjects with an unprovoked VTE event, the time spent at near normal international normalization ratio (INR) values (< 1.5) during the first 3 months of treatment is associated with higher D-d during and after VKA treatment and with a higher risk for late recurrences. Moreover, the combination of altered D-d and inherited thrombophilia, and not residual venous obstruction, is associated with a significantly higher hazard ratio for recurrence. Preliminary results of a management study, the PROLONG study, indicate that subjects with normal D-d at 1 month after VKA withdrawal have a low risk of recurrence, and those with altered D-d have a significantly higher risk and deserve prolonged treatment.

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Gualtiero PalaretiM.D. 

Department of Angiology & Blood Coagulation “Marino Golinelli,” S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital

Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy