Download PDF
Horm Metab Res 2005; 37(12): 734-740
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-921095
Original Basic
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

No Difference in Lipolysis or Glucose Transport of Subcutaneous Fat Cells Between Moderate-fat and Low-fat Hypocaloric Diets in Obese Women

P.  Löfgren1 , I.  Andersson1 , H.  Wahrenberg1 , J.  Hoffstedt1
  • 1Karolinska Institutet, Clinical Research Center and Department of Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
Further Information

Publication History

Received 12 April 2005

Accepted after revision 21 July 2005

Publication Date:
22 December 2005 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different diets on lipolysis and lipogenesis in subcutaneous fat cells from obese women. In a ten-week nutritional intervention study, forty women were randomly assigned to a hypoenergetic - 2,514 kJ (- 600 kcal/day) diet of either moderate-fat/moderate-carbohydrate or low-fat/high-carbohydrate content. Body weight was equally reduced by approximately 7.5 % in both diet groups (p = 0.58). A subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy was obtained for subsequent measurement of triglyceride breakdown (lipolysis) using drugs active at different steps of the lipolytic signaling cascade, and lipid synthesis (glucose transport) before and after intervention. No difference was found between the two diet groups at the maximum rate of either lipolysis or adrenoceptor sensitivity (p-values: 0.14 - 0.97). Inhibition of lipolysis by insulin was also similar in both diet groups before and after intervention. Finally, insulin-stimulated glucose transport did not show any changes that could be attributed to the type of diet. In conclusion, our data suggest that macronutrient diet composition has no major influence on glucose transport or mobilization of triglycerides in human subcutaneous fat cells of obese women.

Key words

Diet composition - adipocytes - lipid mobilization - lipogenesis

References

  • 1 World Health Organization .Obesity and overweight (2003). Available on www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs. 
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Serdula M K, Mokdad A H, Williamson D F, Galuska D A, Mendlein J M, Heath G W. Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight.  JAMA. 1999;  282 1353-1358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults - the Evidence Report . .  Obes Res. 1998;  6 (Suppl 2) 51-209. Erratum 1998; 6 : 464
    PubMed
  • 4 Ayyad C, Andersen T. Long-term efficacy of dietary treatment of obesity: a systematic review of studies published between 1931 and 1999.  Obes Rev. 2000;  1 113-119
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Atkins R C. Dr Atkins’ new diet revolution. Rev.ed. New York; Avon Books 1988
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Foster G D, Wyatt H R, Hill J O. et al . A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity.  N Engl J Med. 2003;  348 2082-2090
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Sharman M J, Gomez A L, Kraemer W J, Volek J S. Very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets affect fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia differently in overweight men.  J Nutr. 2004;  134 880-885
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Stern L, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, Chicano K L, Daily D A, McGrory J, Williams M, Gracely E J, Samaha F F. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial.  Ann Intern Med. 2004;  140 778-785
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Pelkman C L, Fishell V K, Maddox D H, Pearson T A, Mauger D T, Kris-Etherton P M. Effects of moderate-fat (from monounsaturated fat) and low-fat weight-loss diets on the serum lipid profile in overweight and obese men and women.  Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;  79 204-212
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Coppack S W, Patel J N, Lawrence V J. Nutritional regulation of lipid metabolism in human adipose tissue.  Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;  109 S202-S214
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Hellmer J, Marcus C, Sonnenfeld T, Arner P. Mechanisms for differences in lipolysis between human subcutaneous and omental fat cells.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;  75 15-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Reynisdottir S, Wahrenberg H, Carlstrom K, Rossner S, Arner P. Catecholamine resistance in fat cells of women with upper-body obesity due to decreased expression of beta 2-adrenoceptors.  Diabetologia. 1994;  37 428-435, Comment Diabetologia 1995; 38 : 126 - 128
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Reynisdottir S, Eriksson M, Angelin B, Arner P. Impaired activation of adipocyte lipolysis in familial combined hyperlipidemia.  J Clin Invest. 1995;  95 2161-2169
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Mauriége P, Imbeault D, Prud'homme A, Tremblay A, Nadeau A, Després J P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolism at menopause: importance of body fatness and regional fat distribution.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;  85 2446-2454
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Swedish Nutrition Recommendations .Slv rapport 12. National Food Administration, Uppsala, Sweden (1989). 
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Spis Dig Slank .Xenical (Orlistat). Forskningsinstituttet for Human Ernœring in Denemark (2000). 
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Kolaczynski J W, Morales L M, Moore J H. et al . A new technique for biopsy of human abdominal fat under local anaesthesia with Lidocaine.  Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1994;  3 161-166
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Rodbell M. Metabolism of isolated fat cells. Effects of hormones on glucose metabolism and lipolysis.  J Biol Chem. 1964;  239 375-380
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Hirsh J, Gallian E. Methods for determination of adipose cell size and cell number in man and animals.  J Lipid Res. 1968;  9 110-119
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Löfgren P, Hoffstedt J, Rydén M, Thörne A, Holm C, Wahrenberg H, Arner P. Major gender differences in the lipolytic capacity of abdominal subcutaneous fat cells in obesity observed before and after long-term weight reduction.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;  87 764-771
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Lönnqvist F, Wennlund A, Arner P. Antilipolytic effects of insulin and adenylate cyclase inhibitors on isolated human fat cells.  Int J Obesity. 1988;  13 137-146
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Hellmér J, Arner P, Lundin A. Automatic luminometric kinetic assay of glycerol for lipolysis studies.  Anal Biochem. 1989;  177 132-137
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Rozen R, Banegas E, Davilla M, Apfelbaum M. Effects of a very-low-calorie diet on adrenergic responsiveness in human adipose tissue.  Int J Obes. 1984;  8 141-149
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Östman J, Arner P, Kimura H, Wahrenberg H, Engfeldt P. Influence of fasting on lipolytic response to adrenergic agonists and adrenergic receptors in subcutaneous adipocytes.  Eur J Clin Invest. 1984;  14 383-391
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Whitesell R R, Glieman J. Kinetic parameters of transport of 3-O-methyl glucose in adipocytes.  J Biol Chem. 1979;  254 5276-5283
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Moody A J, Stan M A, Stan M, Glieman J. A simple free fat cell bioassay for insulin.  Horm Metab Res. 1974;  6 12-16
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Arner P, Engfelt P. Fasting mediated alteration studies of insulin action on lipolysis and lipogenesis in obese women.  Am J Physiol. 1987;  253 193-201
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Kather H, Wieland E, Scheurer A, Vogel G, Wildenberg U, Joost C. Influences of variation in total energy intake and dietary composition on regulation of fat cell lipolysis in ideal-weight subjects.  J Clin Invest. 1987;  80 566-572
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Berlan M, Dang-Tran L, Lafontan M, Denard Y. Influence of hypocaloric diet on alpha-adrenergic responsiveness of obese human subcutaneous adipocytes.  Int J Obes. 1981;  5 145-153
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Smith U, Hammersten J, Björntorp P, Kral J G. Regional differences and effect of weight reduction on human fat cell metabolism.  Eur J Clin Invest. 1979;  9 327-332
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Reynisdottir S, Langin D, Carlstrom K, Holm C, Rossner S, Arner P. Effects of weight reduction on the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes of women with upper-body obesity.  Clin Sci. 1995;  89 421-429
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Mauriege P, Imbeault P, Langin D, Lacaille M, Almeras N, Tremblay A, Despres J P. Regional and gender variations in adipose tissue lipolysis in response to weight loss.  J Lipid Res. 1999;  40 1559-1571
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Hellstrom L, Reynisdottir S, Langin D, Rossner S, Arner P. Regulation of lipolysis in fat cells of obese women during long-term hypocaloric diet.  Int J Obes. 1996;  20 745-752
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Crampes F, Marceron M, Beauville M, Riviere D, Garrigues M, Berlan M, Lafontan M. Platelet alpha2-adrenoceptors and adrenergic adipose tissue responsiveness after moderate hypocaloric diet in obese subjects.  Int J Obes. 1989;  13 99-110
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Presta E, Leibel R L, Hirsch J. Regional changes in adrenergic receptor status during hypocaloric intake do not predict changes in adipocyte size or body shape.  Metabolism. 1990;  39 307-315
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Szkudelski T, Lisiecka M, Nowicka E, Kowalewska A, Nogowski L, Szkudelska K. Short-term Fasting and Lipolytic Activity in Rat adipocytes.  Horm Metab Res. 2004;  36 667-673
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Stich V, Harant I, De Glisezinski I, Crampes F, Berlan M, Kunesova M, Hainer V, Dauzats M, Riviere D, Garrigues M, Holm C, Lafontan M, Langin D. Adipose tissue lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase expression during very-low-calorie diet in obese female identical twins.  J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 1997;  82 739-744
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Cha M C, Johnson J A, Hsu C Y, Boozer C N. High-fat hypocaloric diet modifies carbohydrate utilization of obese rats during weight loss.  Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 200;  280 797-803
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Lundgren M, Eriksson J W. No in vitro effects of fatty acids on glucose uptake, lipolysis or insulin signaling in rat adipocytes.  Horm Metab Res. 2004;  36 203-209
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Suljkovicova H, Marion-Latard F, Hejnova J, Majercik M, Crampes F, De Glisezinski I, Berlan M, Riviere D, Stich V. Effect of macronutrient composition of the diet on the regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue at rest and during exercise: microdialysis study.  Metabolism. 2002;  51 1291-1297
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Jansson E, Hjemdahl P, Kaijser L. Diet induced changes in sympatho-adrenal activity during submaximal exercise in relation to substrate utilization in man.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;  114 171-178
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Galbo H, Holst J J, Christensen N J. The effect of different diets and of insulin on the hormonal response to prolonged exercise.  Acta Physiol Scand. 1979;  107 19-32
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Patrik Löfgren, M. D.

Karolinska Institutet · CME M61 · MK-division · Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge ·

S-141 86 Stockholm · Sweden

Phone: +46 (8) 58 58 23 92

Fax: +46 (8) 58 58 72 23 ·

Email: patrik.lofgren@ki.se

      >