Evaluation of oxidative stress measurements in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is highly important in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroleptic treatment. However, conflicting results have been reported, which may arise from methodological difficulties. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome with episodic hypoxia-reoxygenation is proposed as a human model for the investigation of ROS measurements. Despite a broad analytical approach comprising lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and amino acid oxidation products (dityrosine), oxidative DNA damage (8-OH–2-desoyxguanosine), activity of the antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, albumin, bilirubin, urate, melatonin), and ROS-associated blood parameters (haptoglobin, haemopexin, iron, ferritin, transferrin, copper, ceruloplasmin, cholesterol), only plasma MDA and urinary o,o`-dityrosine seemed to be appropriate, robust biomarkers of oxidative stress, which are also simple enough for routine clinical use. MDA concentrations correlated with a duration of nocturnal desaturation below 85% (r=0.77, p<0.0005), and o,o`-dityrosine levels decreased after therapy (p<0.05) as a function of baseline concentrations (r=–0.61, p<0.05). Gender effects in ROS generation also have to be considered. At present, we recommend the application of several oxidative stress measurements at different time points, preferably involving plasma MDA and urinary o,o`-dityrosine.