Zusammenfassung
Malnutrition, negative Energiebilanz und weitere Ernährungsdefizite sind auch heute
noch zentrale Probleme in der Behandlung der zystischen Fibrose mit großer prognostischer
Relevanz. Durch den Multisystemcharakter der Krankheit sind gastroenterologische und
metabolische, pneumologische, psychologische und weitere Aspekte verknüpft. Sie führen
zum Ungleichgewicht zwischen gesteigertem Energiebedarf und verminderter Energiezufuhr.
Exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz, hepatobiliäre Beteiligung und eine bisher noch unzureichend
definierte intestinale Komponente tragen zur gastroenterologischen Pathophysiologie
bei. Über die Pankreasenzymsubstitution und die Ernährungstherapie der zystischen
Fibrose gibt es heute akzeptierte Leitlinien. Jedoch erfordern Therapieversager besondere
diagnostische und therapeutische Anstrengungen von den Behandlerteams unter Einschluss
der Diätassistentin. Eine pankreasinsuffizienzunabhängige intestinale Komponente kann
als Erklärung für verschiedene Komplikationen der zystischen Fibrose (Mekoniumileus,
distale intestinale Obstruktion, Darmwandverdickung des Kolons) aufgeführt werden.
Im Zusammenspiel zwischen allgemeiner und Ernährungstherapie bei zystischer Fibrose
gilt es, vorhandenes Verbesserungspotenzial umzusetzen. Die Gesamtprognose ist gerade
auch durch die Ernährungstherapie hinsichtlich Lebensqualität und Lebenserwartung
deutlich besser geworden.
Abstract
Malnutrition, negative energy balance and further nutritional deficits are still important
problems in treating cystic fibrosis and have utmost prognostic relevance. Gastroenterological,
metabolical, pulmonological, psychological and further aspects are intertwined in
this multi-system disease. Different factors lead to an imbalance between increased
energy needs and diminished energy intake. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, hepatobiliary
manifestation and an insufficiently defined intestinal component contribute to gastroenterological
pathophysiology. Concerning pancreatic enzyme substitution and nutritional therapy
of cystic fibrosis there are accepted guidelines today. However, therapy failure requires
specific diagnostic and therapeutic efforts by the therapeutic team including dieticians.
An intestinal component independent from pancreatic insufficiency explains different
complications of cystic fibrosis (meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction, colonic
wall thickening). General and nutritional therapy have to be combined in order to
realize the potential for improvement. The overall prognosis of cystic fibrosis (quality
of life, life expectance) has considerably improved by integrated nutritional therapy.
Schlüsselwörter
zystische Fibrose - Energiedefizit - Malnutrition - gastrointestinale Manifestationen
Key words
Cystic fibrosis - energy deficit - malnutrition - gastrointestinal manifestations
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Prof. Dr. Martin Stern
Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin
Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 1
72076 Tübingen
Phone: 07071/29-83781
Fax: 07071/29-5477
Email: martin.stern@med.uni-tuebingen.de