Kernaussagen
Die heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie ist eine schwerwiegende Komplikation der Behandlung
mit Heparin. Die Inzidenz der HIT bei Intensivpatienten liegt wahrscheinlich deutlich
unter 1 %. Durch die konsequente Gabe von NMH (wo möglich) statt UFH kann die Inzidenz
der HIT stark reduziert werden.
Bei Patienten, die mit akuten lebensbedrohlichen thromboembolischen Komplikationen
während oder kurz nach Heparinexposition auf der Intensivstation aufgenommen werden,
sollte vor Weiterführung der Heparingabe die Thrombozytenzahl überprüft und mit den
Verlaufswerten der Vortage verglichen werden, um eine HIT zu erkennen. Bei anderen
Intensivpatienten sind neue thromboembolische Komplikationen wie rezidivierende Katheterverschlüsse,
Filterverschlüsse wahrscheinlich ein besserer Indikator als ein Thombozytenabfall.
Ein Scoring-System kann für die klinische Diagnose hilfreich sein. Eine HIT sollte
im Labor durch den Nachweis der Antikörper gesichert werden. Für die Bewertung der
klinischen Relevanz dieser Antikörper ist die Kombination eines funktionellen Tests
(z. B. HIPA) mit einem Antigentest (z. B. PF4/Heparin-ELISA) am geeignetsten.
Im Falle einer HIT stehen alternative Antikoagulanzien zur Verfügung (Danaparoid,
Lepirudin, Argatroban), deren Auswahl von den Begleiterkrankungen sowie der Erfahrung
des Arztes im Umgang mit diesen Medikamenten abhängig gemacht werden sollte.
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Dr. med. Kathleen Selleng
Abt. Transfusionsmedizin · Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin · Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität
Greifswald
Sauerbruchstraße · 17497 Greifswald
Phone: 03834 865469
Fax: 03834 865489
Email: selleng@uni-greifswald.de