Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

Jeffrey S. Durmer; David F. Dinges

doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080

Seminars in Neurology, Table of Contents

Semin Neurol 2005; 25(1): 117-129
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-867080

Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation

Jeffrey S. Durmer¹ , David F. Dinges²

¹Program in Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
²Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Deficits in daytime performance due to sleep loss are experienced universally and associated with a significant social, financial, and human cost. Microsleeps, sleep attacks, and lapses in cognition increase with sleep loss as a function of state instability. Sleep deprivation studies repeatedly show a variable (negative) impact on mood, cognitive performance, and motor function due to an increasing sleep propensity and destabilization of the wake state. Specific neurocognitive domains including executive attention, working memory, and divergent higher cognitive functions are particularly vulnerable to sleep loss. In humans, functional metabolic and neurophysiological studies demonstrate that neural systems involved in executive function (i.e., prefrontal cortex) are more susceptible to sleep deprivation in some individuals than others. Recent chronic partial sleep deprivation experiments, which more closely replicate sleep loss in society, demonstrate that profound neurocognitive deficits accumulate over time in the face of subjective adaptation to the sensation of sleepiness. Sleep deprivation associated with disease-related sleep fragmentation (i.e., sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome) also results in neurocognitive performance decrements similar to those seen in sleep restriction studies. Performance deficits associated with sleep disorders are often viewed as a simple function of disease severity; however, recent experiments suggest that individual vulnerability to sleep loss may play a more critical role than previously thought.

KEYWORDS

Sleep deprivation - neurocognitive - performance - neurobehavioral - sleep restriction - sleepiness - microsleeps - executive function - working memory - attention

Full Text

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Jeffrey S DurmerM.D. Ph.D.

Program in Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine

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