Zusammenfassung
In einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Studien konnte gezeigt werden, dass Knorpeldefekte
des Kniegelenks auch bei jüngeren Patienten relativ häufig auftreten und dass mit
zunehmender Defektgröße das sekundäre Arthroserisiko zunimmt. Eine begleitende Verletzung
protektiver Gelenkbinnenstrukturen erhöht diese Gefahr zusätzlich. Darüber hinaus
weist der Knorpel des Kniegelenks im Vergleich zum Knorpel des Sprunggelenks eine
geringere Regenerationsfähigkeit auf. Von den großen Gelenken ist das Kniegelenk am
häufigsten von einer Arthrose betroffen. Um der Arthroseentstehung vorzubeugen, sollten
klinisch symptomatische Knorpelschäden möglichst frühzeitig biologisch rekonstruiert
und bestehende Achsfehlstellungen, Band- oder Meniskusverletzungen saniert werden.
Für die biologische Rekonstruktion der Gelenkoberfläche stehen seit mehreren Jahren
verschiedene operative Verfahren zur Verfügung. Technik, Vor- und Nachteile sowie
die mittel- bis langfristigen Ergebnisse der derzeit gängigsten Methoden werden in
der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit dargestellt, um so deren geeignetes Indikationsspektrum
aufzuzeigen.
Abstract
Several studies have shown that articular cartilage defects often occur in the knee,
even in younger patients. There is also evidence that the risk of secondary osteoarthritis
increases accordingly to the primary defect size. An attendant meniscus and/or ligament
tear raises this hazard additionally. Furthermore chondrocytes of the knee have lower
regenerative properties, compared to chondrocytes of the ankle. Among the large joints
the knee is most frequently affected by osteoarthritis (OA). In order to avoid OA,
symptomatic articular cartilage defects should undergo a biological reconstruction
as early as possible. Additional meniscus or ligament tears or malalignements should
be treated moreover. For the biological reconstruction of the articular cartilage
surface certain different surgical procedures are available to date. The paper shows
current techniques, their pros and cons and their mid- and long-term results in order
to figure out their appropriate indications.
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Dr. med. Jürgen Fritz
BG-Unfallklinik
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
Schnarrenbergstraße 95
72076 Tübingen
Phone: 07071/606-1001
Fax: 07071/606-1002
Email: jfritz18@email.de