Zusammenfassung
Für Therapie und Rehabilitation bei Hörstörungen stehen vielfältige Möglichkeiten
zur Verfügung. Dazu zählen medikamentöse, akustische, elektrische, chirurgische, radiologische,
verhaltensmedizinisch orientierte und so genannte „alternative“ Strategien.
Auffällig ist jedoch die weite Spanne zwischen viel versprechenden tierexperimentellen
Ergebnissen bis hin zur Regeneration und Stammzelltransplantation einerseits und der
Mangel an klinischen Studien mit hohem Evidenzniveau selbst bei seit Jahrzehnten etablierten
Therapieverfahren andererseits. In dieser Übersicht werden zum einen der gegenwärtige
Stand und die Vielfalt der konservativen Therapiemöglichkeiten und Therapieversuche
bei Hörstörungen dargestellt. Dabei soll die Übersicht und Kommentierung durchgeführter
klinischer Studien dem Leser ein eigenes Urteil über die Wirksamkeit verschiedener,
insbesondere medikamentöser Behandlungen und damit die Entscheidungshilfe bei der
Therapie erleichtern. Zum anderen wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Therapiestrategien,
insbesondere auch der lokalen Medikamentapplikation an das Innenohr, gegeben.
Schlüsselwörter
Innenohr - klinische Studien - Pharmakokinetik - Placebo - randomisiert - Schwerhörigkeit
- Therapie - Tierversuche - Tinnitus
Literatur
- 1 Forth W, Henschler D, Rummel W, Förstermann U, Starke K. Allgemeine und Spezielle
Pharmakologie und Toxikologie. 8. Auflage. München, Jena; Urban & Fischer Verlag 2001
- 2
Lamm K, Arnold W.
How useful is corticosteroid treatment in cochlear disorders.
Otorhinolaryngol Nova.
1999;
9
203-216
- 3
Rarey K E, Luttge W G.
Presence of type I and type II/IB receptors for adrenocorticosteroid hormones in the
inner ear.
Hear Res.
1989;
41 (2 - 3)
217-221
- 4
Rarey K E, Curtis L M, ten Cate W J.
Tissue specific levels of glucocorticoid receptor within the rat inner ear.
Hear Res.
1993;
64 (2)
205-210
- 5
Rarey K E, Curtis L M.
Receptors for glucocorticoids in the human inner ear.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1996;
115 (1)
38-41
- 6 Wangemann P, Schacht J.
Homeostatic mechanisms in the cochlea. In: Dallos P, Popper AN, Fay RR (eds) The Cochlea. New York; Springer 1996: 130-185
- 7
Curtis L M, ten Cate W J, Rarey K E.
Dynamics of Na,K-ATPase sites in lateral cochlear wall tissues of the rat.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1993;
250 (5)
265-270
- 8
Erichsen S, Stierna P, Bagger-Sjoback D, Curtis L M, Rarey K E, Schmid W, Hultcrantz M.
Distribution of Na,K-ATPase is normal in the inner ear of a mouse with a null mutation
of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Hear Res.
1998;
124 (1 - 2)
146-154
- 9
Fukushima M, Kitahara T, Uno Y, Fuse Y, Doi K, Kubo T.
Effects of intratympanic injection of steroids on changes in rat inner ear aquaporin
expression.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2002;
122 (6)
600-606
- 10
Fukushima M, Kitahara T, Fuse Y, Uno Y, Doi K, Kubo T.
Changes in aquaporin expression in the inner ear of the rat after i. p. injection
of steroids.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
2004;
(553)
13-18
- 11
Mattox D E, Simmons F B.
Natural history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
1977;
86 (4 Pt 1)
463-480
- 12
Wilson W R, Byl F M, Laird N.
The efficacy of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. A double-blind
clinical study.
Arch Otolaryngol.
1980;
106 (12)
772-776
- 13
Moskowitz D, Lee K J, Smith H W.
Steroid use in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Laryngoscope.
1984;
94(5 Pt 1)
664-666
- 14
Veldman J E, Hanada T, Meeuwsen F.
Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas in rapidly progressive sensorineural hearing loss
and sudden deafness. A reappraisal of immune reactivity in inner ear disorders.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1993;
113 (3)
303-306
- 15
Alexiou C, Arnold W, Fauser C, Schratzenstaller B, Gloddek B, Fuhrmann S, Lamm K.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: does application of glucocorticoids make sense?.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2001;
127 (3)
253-258
- 16
Lamm K, Arnold W.
Sind durchblutungsfördernde Massnahmen mit Hämorheologika bei der Behandlung von Innenohrschwerhörigkeiten
sinnvoll?.
Otorhinolaryngol Nova.
1993;
3
285-291
- 17
Probst R, Tschopp K, Ludin E, Kellerhals B, Podvinec M, Pfaltz C R.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of dextran/pentoxifylline medication
in acute acoustic trauma and sudden hearing loss.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1992;
112 (3)
435-443
- 18
Kuo S T, Hsu W C, Young Y H.
Dextran-induced pulmonary edema in patients with sudden deafness.
Otol Neurotol.
2002;
23 (5)
661-664
- 19
Zaytoun G M, Schuknecht H F, Farmer H S.
Fatality following the use of low molecular weight dextran in the treatment of sudden
deafness.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
1983;
31
240-246
- 20
Albegger K, Schneeberger R, Franke V, Oberascher G, Miller K.
[Itching following therapy with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in otoneurological diseases].
Wien Med Wochenschr.
1992;
142 (1)
1-7
- 21
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft .
„UAW-News”-International. Hydroxyethylstärke (HES) - Juckreiz.
Dt Ärztebl.
2000;
97 (43)
A2884
- 22
Desloovere C, Knecht R.
[Infusion therapy in sudden deafness. Reducing the risk of pruritus after hydroxyethyl
starch and maintaining therapeutic success - a prospective randomized study].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1995;
74 (8)
468-472
- 23
Metze D, Reimann S, Szepfalusi Z, Bohle B, Kraft D, Luger T A.
Persistent pruritus after hydroxyethyl starch infusion therapy: a result of long-term
storage in cutaneous nerves.
Br J Dermatol.
1997;
136 (4)
553-559
- 24
Murphy M, Carmichael A J, Lawler P G, White M, Cox N H.
The incidence of hydroxyethyl starch-associated pruritus.
Br J Dermatol.
2001;
144 (5)
973-976
- 25
Lamm K, Arnold W.
The effect of blood flow promoting drugs on cochlear blood flow, perilymphatic pO(2)
and auditory function in the normal and noise-damaged hypoxic and ischemic guinea
pig inner ear.
Hear Res.
2000;
141 (1 - 2)
199-219
- 26
Ohlsen K A, Didier A, Baldwin D, Miller J M, Nuttall A L, Hultcrantz E.
Cochlear blood flow in response to dilating agents.
Hear Res.
1992;
58 (1)
19-25
- 27
Lenarz T.
[Treatment of sudden deafness with the calcium antagonist nimodipine. Results of a
comparative study].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1989;
68 (11)
634-637
- 28
Mann W, Beck C, Beck C.
Calcium antagonists in the treatment of sudden deafness.
Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1986;
243 (3)
170-173
- 29
Michel O, Matthias R.
[Placebo-controlled double-blind study of the treatment of sudden hearing loss with
a stable prostacyclin analog].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1991;
70 (5)
255-259
- 30
Nakashima T, Kuno K, Yanagita N.
Evaluation of prostaglandin E1 therapy for sudden deafness.
Laryngoscope.
1989;
99 (5)
542-546
- 31
Ogawa K, Takei S, Inoue Y, Kanzaki J.
Effect of prostaglandin E1 on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a double-blinded
clinical study.
Otol Neurotol.
2002;
23 (5)
665-668
- 32
Olszewski E, Kostka-Trabka E, Reron E, Grodzinska L, Turek J, Mbinska-Kiec A, Bieron K,
Basista M, Kedzior A, Slawinski M.
[Administration of prostacyclin in sudden deafness. Evaluation with the double blind
method].
Otolaryngol Pol.
1990;
44 (1)
62-65
- 33
Scherer E Q, Herzog M, Wangemann P.
Endothelin-1-induced vasospasms of spiral modiolar artery are mediated by rho-kinase-induced
Ca(2+) sensitization of contractile apparatus and reversed by calcitonin gene-related
peptide.
Stroke.
2002;
33 (12)
2965-2971
- 34
Bárány R.
Die Beeinflussung des Ohrensausens durch intravenös injizierte Lokalanästhetika.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1935;
23
201-207
- 35
Laurikainen E, Lin X, Nuttall A L, Dolan D F.
The mechanism and site of action of lidocaine hydrochloride in guinea pig inner ear.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1997;
117 (4)
523-528
- 36
Lenarz T.
Treatment of tinnitus with lidocaine and tocainide.
Scand Audiol Suppl.
1986;
26
49-51
- 37
Kronenberg J, Almagor M, Bendet E, Kushnir D.
Vasoactive therapy versus placebo in the treatment of sudden hearing loss: a double-blind
clinical study.
Laryngoscope.
1992;
102 (1)
65-68
- 38
Moser T, Beutner D.
Kinetics of exocytosis and endocytosis at the cochlear inner hair cell afferent synapse
of the mouse.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2000;
97 (2)
883-888
- 39
Platzer J, Engel J, Schrott-Fischer A, Stephan K, Bova S, Chen H, Zheng H, Striessnig J.
Congenital deafness and sinoatrial node dysfunction in mice lacking class D L-type
Ca2+ channels.
Cell.
2000;
102 (1)
89-97
- 40
Engel J, Michna M, Platzer J, Striessnig J.
Calcium channels in mouse hair cells: function, properties and pharmacology.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
35-41
- 41
Boettcher F A, Caldwell R K, Gratton M A, White D R, Miles L R.
Effects of nimodipine on noise-induced hearing loss.
Hear Res.
1998;
121 (1 - 2)
139-146
- 42
Vollrath M, Marangos N, Hesse G.
[Dehydration therapy in low tone hearing loss. An alternative to rheologic therapy?].
HNO.
1990;
38 (4)
154-157
- 43
Evans P, Halliwell B.
Free radicals and hearing. Cause, consequence, and criteria.
Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1999;
884
19-40
- 44
Kopke R, Allen K A, Henderson D, Hoffer M, Frenz D, Van de Water T R.
A radical demise. Toxins and trauma share common pathways in hair cell death.
Ann N Y Acad Sci.
1999;
884
171-191
- 45 Miller J M, Schacht J, Altschuler R.
Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. In: Henderson D, Prasher D, Kopke R, Hamernik RP (eds) Noise induced hearing loss:
basic mechanisms, prevention and control. London; NRN publications 2001: 215-230
- 46
Lautermann J, Crann S A, McLaren J, Schacht J.
Glutathione-dependent antioxidant systems in the mammalian inner ear: effects of aging,
ototoxic drugs and noise.
Hear Res.
1997;
114 (1 - 2)
75-82
- 47
Gilgun-Sherki Y, Rosenbaum Z, Melamed E, Offen D.
Antioxidant therapy in acute central nervous system injury: current state.
Pharmacol Rev.
2002;
54 (2)
271-284
- 48
Eidelman R S, Hollar D, Hebert P R, Lamas G A, Hennekens C H.
Randomized trials of vitamin E in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Arch Intern Med.
2004;
164 (14)
1552-1556
- 49
Vivekananthan D P, Penn M S, Sapp S K, Hsu A, Topol E J.
Use of antioxidant vitamins for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis
of randomised trials.
Lancet.
2003;
361 (9374)
2017-2023
- 50
Packer L.
alpha-Lipoic acid: a metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-kappa B signal transduction
and protects against oxidative injury.
Drug Metab Rev.
1998;
30 (2)
245-275
- 51
Ziegler D, Nowak H, Kempler P, Vargha P, Low P A.
Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic
acid: a meta-analysis.
Diabet Med.
2004;
21 (2)
114-121
- 52
Conlon B J, Aran J M, Erre J P, Smith D W.
Attenuation of aminoglycoside-induced cochlear damage with the metabolic antioxidant
alpha-lipoic acid.
Hear Res.
1999;
128 (1 - 2)
40-44
- 53
Rybak L P, Husain K, Whitworth C, Somani S M.
Dose dependent protection by lipoic acid against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in
rats: antioxidant defense system.
Toxicol Sci.
1999;
47 (2)
195-202
- 54
Weinaug P.
[Treatment of acute inner ear diseases (sudden deafness and vestibular disorder) with
meclofenoxate and acetylsalicylic acid].
HNO.
1988;
36 (6)
226-229
- 55
Kubo T, Matsunaga T, Asai H, Kawamoto K, Kusakari J, Nomura Y, Oda M, Yanagita N,
Niwa H, Uemura T.
Efficacy of defibrinogenation and steroid therapies on sudden deafness.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1988;
114 (6)
649-652
- 56
Suzuki H, Furukawa M, Kumagai M, Takahashi E, Matsuura K, Katori Y, Shimomura A, Kobayashi T.
Defibrinogenation therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in comparison
with high-dose steroid therapy.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2003;
123 (1)
46-50
- 57
Shiraishi T, Kubo T, Matsunaga T.
Chronological study of recovery of sudden deafness treated with defibrinogenation
and steroid therapies.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1991;
111 (5)
867-871
- 58
Hagen R.
[Fibrinolytic therapy in sudden deafness with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen
activator. Hemorheologic and therapeutic effects].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1991;
70 (7)
353-358
- 59
Klemm E, Altmann E, Lange O.
[Rheologic problems of microcirculation and consequences of drug therapy for sudden
deafness].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1983;
62 (2)
62-64
- 60
Lamm K, Arnold W.
Noise-induced cochlear hypoxia is intensity dependent, correlates with hearing loss
and precedes reduction of cochlear blood flow.
Audiol Neurootol.
1996;
1 (3)
148-160
- 61
Lamm C, Walliser U, Schumann K, Lamm K.
[Oxygen partial pressure measurements in the perilymph and scala tympani in normo-
and hyperbaric conditions. An animal experiment study].
HNO.
1988;
36 (9)
363-366
- 62
Lamm K, Lamm C, Arnold W.
Effect of isobaric oxygen versus hyperbaric oxygen on the normal and noise-damaged
hypoxic and ischemic guinea pig inner ear.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
1998;
54
59-85
- 63
Lamm K, Lamm H, Arnold W.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in comparison to conventional or placebo therapy
or no treatment in idiopathic sudden hearing loss, acoustic trauma, noise-induced
hearing loss and tinnitus. A literature survey.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
1998;
54
86-99
- 64
Kestler M, Strutz J, Heiden C.
[Hyperbaric oxygenation in early treatment of sudden deafness].
HNO.
2001;
49 (9)
719-723
- 65
Fattori B, Berrettini S, Casani A, Nacci A, De V A, De I G.
Sudden hypoacusis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a controlled study.
Ear Nose Throat J.
2001;
80 (9)
655-660
- 66
Racic G, Maslovara S, Roje Z, Dogas Z, Tafra R.
Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of sudden hearing loss.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec.
2003;
65 (6)
317-320
- 67
Aslan I, Oysu C, Veyseller B, Baserer N.
Does the addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to the conventional treatment modalities
influence the outcome of sudden deafness?.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2002;
126 (2)
121-126
- 68
Topuz E, Yigit O, Cinar U, Seven H.
Should hyperbaric oxygen be added to treatment in idiopathic sudden sensorineural
hearing loss?.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2004;
261 (7)
393-396
- 69
Inci E, Erisir F, Ada M, Ozturk O, Guclu E, Oktem F, Toprak M.
[Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in sudden hearing loss after unsuccessful medical treatment].
Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtis Derg.
2002;
9 (5)
337-341
- 70
Kau R J, Sendtner-Gress K, Ganzer U, Arnold W.
Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with acute and chronic cochlear
disorders.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec.
1997;
59 (2)
79-83
- 71
Murakawa T, Kosaka M, Mori Y, Fukazawa M, Misaki K.
[Treatment of 522 patients with sudden deafness performed oxygenation at high pressure].
Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho.
2000;
103 (5)
506-515
- 72
Nakashima T, Fukuta S, Yanagita N.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden deafness.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
1998;
54
100-109
- 73
Kanemaru S, Fukushima H, Nakamura H, Tamaki H, Fukuyama Y, Tamura Y.
Alpha-Interferon for the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1997;
254 (3)
158-162
- 74
Puel J L, Ruel J, Gervais D C, Pujol R.
Excitotoxicity and repair of cochlear synapses after noise-trauma induced hearing
loss.
Neuroreport.
1998;
9 (9)
2109-2114
- 75
Oestreicher E, Arnold W, Felix D.
Neurotransmission of the cochlear inner hair cell synapse - implications for inner
ear therapy.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
131-139
- 76
Puel J L, Ruel J, Guitton M, Pujol R.
The inner hair cell afferent/efferent synapses revisited: a basis for new therapeutic
strategies.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
124-130
- 77
Ehrenberger K, Felix D.
Caroverine depresses the activity of cochlear glutamate receptors in guinea pigs:
in vivo model for drug-induced neuroprotection?.
Neuropharmacology.
1992;
31 (12)
1259-1263
- 78
Oestreicher E, Ehrenberger K, Felix D.
Different action of memantine and caroverine on glutamatergic transmission in the
mammalian cochlea.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
18-25
- 79
Plontke S, Zenner H P.
Aktuelle Gesichtspunkte zu Hörschäden durch Berufs- und Freizeitlärm.
Laryngol Rhinol Otol.
2004;
83 (Suppl 1)
122-164
- 80
Haupt H, Scheibe F, Mazurek B.
Therapeutic efficacy of magnesium in acoustic trauma in the guinea pig.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec.
2003;
65 (3)
134-139
- 81
Joachims Z, Babisch W, Ising H, Gunther T, Handrock M.
Dependence of noise-induced hearing loss upon perilymph magnesium concentration.
J Acoust Soc Am.
1983;
74 (1)
104-108
- 82
Scheibe F, Haupt H, Ising H, Cherny L.
Therapeutic effect of parenteral magnesium on noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea
pig.
Magnes Res.
2002;
15 (1 - 2)
27-36
- 83
Kallinen J, Laurikainen E, Laippala P, Grenman R.
Sudden deafness: a comparison of anticoagulant therapy and carbogen inhalation therapy.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
1997;
106 (1)
22-26
- 84
Rahko T, Kotti V.
Comparison of carbogen inhalation and intravenous heparin infusion therapies in idiopathic
sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
1997;
529
86-87
- 85
Gutmann R, Mees K.
[Piracetam infusions in acute tinnitus and sudden deafness].
Fortschr Med.
1995;
113 (18)
288-290
- 86
Birks J, Grimley E V, Van D M.
Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2002;
(4)
CD003120
- 87
Ahlemeyer B, Krieglstein J.
Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract.
Cell Mol Life Sci.
2003;
60 (9)
1779-1792
- 88
Hoffmann F, Beck C, Schutz A, Offermann P.
[Ginkgo extract EGb 761 (tenobin)/HAES versus naftidrofuryl (Dusodril)/HAES. A randomized
study of therapy of sudden deafness].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1994;
73 (3)
149-152
- 89
Reisser C H, Weidauer H.
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 or pentoxifylline for the treatment of sudden deafness:
a randomized, reference-controlled, double-blind study.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2001;
121 (5)
579-584
- 90
Burschka M A, Hassan H A, Reineke T, Van B L, Caird D M, Mosges R.
Effect of treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 (oral) on unilateral idiopathic
sudden hearing loss in a prospective randomized double-blind study of 106 outpatients.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2001;
258 (5)
213-219
- 91
Hilton M, Stuart E.
Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2004;
(2)
CD003852
- 92
Meier R, Tschopp K, Podvinec M, Grossenbacher R, Ermanni D, Probst R.
[Results of a prospective open study of therapy of sudden deafness with flunarizine].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1993;
72 (6)
291-294
- 93
Harris J P, Weisman M H, Derebery J M, Espeland M A, Gantz B J, Gulya A J, Hammerschlag P E,
Hannley M, Hughes G B, Moscicki R, Nelson R A, Niparko J K, Rauch S D, Telian S A,
Brookhouser P E.
Treatment of corticosteroid-responsive autoimmune inner ear disease with methotrexate:
a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA.
2003;
290 (14)
1875-1883
- 94
Chole R A, McKenna M.
Pathophysiology of otosclerosis.
Otol Neurotol.
2001;
22(2)
249-257
- 95
Liu J M, Ma L, He W P.
[Therapeutic effect of puerarin therapy on sudden deafness].
Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao.
2002;
22 (11)
1044-1045
- 96
Bibel M, Barde Y A.
Neurotrophins: key regulators of cell fate and cell shape in the vertebrate nervous
system.
Genes Dev.
2000;
14 (23)
2919-2937
- 97
Paasche G, Gibson P, Averbeck T, Becker H, Lenarz T, Stover T.
Technical report: modification of a cochlear implant electrode for drug delivery to
the inner ear.
Otol Neurotol.
2003;
24 (2)
222-227
- 98
Pirvola U, Xing-Qun L, Virkkala J, Saarma M, Murakata C, Camoratto A M, Walton K M,
Ylikoski J.
Rescue of hearing, auditory hair cells, and neurons by CEP-1347/KT7515, an inhibitor
of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation.
J Neurosci.
2000;
20 (1)
43-50
- 99
Wang J, Ding D, Shulman A, Stracher A, Salvi R J.
Leupeptin protects sensory hair cells from acoustic trauma.
Neuroreport.
1999;
10 (4)
811-816
- 100
Wang J, Van De Water T R, Bonny C, de Ribaupierre F, Puel J L, Zine A.
A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase protects against both aminoglycoside
and acoustic trauma-induced auditory hair cell death and hearing loss.
J Neurosci.
2003;
23 (24)
8596-8607
- 101
Scarpidis U, Madnani D, Shoemaker C, Fletcher C H, Kojima K, Eshraghi A A, Staecker H,
Lefebvre P, Malgrange B, Balkany T J, Van De Water T R.
Arrest of apoptosis in auditory neurons: implications for sensorineural preservation
in cochlear implantation.
Otol Neurotol.
2003;
24 (3)
409-417
- 102 Brockhaus - die Enzyklopädie. Leipzig, Mannheim; F. A. Brockhaus 1997: 340
- 103
Probst F J, Fridell R A, Raphael Y, Saunders T L, Wang A, Liang Y, Morell R J, Touchman J W,
Lyons R H, Noben-Trauth K, Friedman T B, Camper S A.
Correction of deafness in shaker-2 mice by an unconventional myosin in a BAC transgene.
Science.
1998;
280 (5368)
1444-1447
- 104
Mburu P, Mustapha M, Varela A, Weil D, El-Amraoui A, Holme R H, Rump A, Hardisty R E,
Blanchard S, Coimbra R S, Perfettini I, Parkinson N, Mallon A M, Glenister P, Rogers M J,
Paige A J, Moir L, Clay J, Rosenthal A, Liu X Z, Blanco G, Steel K P, Petit C, Brown S D.
Defects in whirlin, a PDZ domain molecule involved in stereocilia elongation, cause
deafness in the whirler mouse and families with DFNB31.
Nat Genet.
2003;
34 (4)
421-428
- 105
Avraham K B, Raphael Y.
Prospects for gene therapy in hearing loss.
J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol.
2003;
14 (2)
77-83
- 106
Lalwani A K, Jero J, Mhatre A N.
Current issues in cochlear gene transfer.
Audiol Neurootol.
2002;
7 (3)
146-151
- 107
Minoda R, Izumikawa M, Kawamoto K, Raphael Y.
Strategies for replacing lost cochlear hair cells.
Neuroreport.
2004;
15 (7)
1089-1092
- 108
Pfister M, Lowenheim H.
Gentherapie des Innenohres.
Medizinische Genetik.
2002;
14 (1)
53-57
- 109
Cotanche D A.
Structural recovery from sound and aminoglycoside damage in the avian cochlea.
Audiol Neurootol.
1999;
4 (6)
271-285
- 110
Smolders J W.
Functional recovery in the avian ear after hair cell regeneration.
Audiol Neurootol.
1999;
4 (6)
286-302
- 111
Lowenheim H.
Grundlagen der in vivo Regeneration im Kopf-Halsbereich.
Laryngorhinootologie.
2002;
Suppl 1
1-23
- 112
Ryan A F.
The cell cycle and the development and regeneration of hair cells.
Curr Top Dev Biol.
2003;
57
449-466
- 113
Bermingham N A, Hassan B A, Price S D, Vollrath M A, Ben-Arie N, Eatock R A, Bellen H J,
Lysakowski A, Zoghbi H Y.
Math1: an essential gene for the generation of inner ear hair cells.
Science.
1999;
284 (5421)
1837-1841
- 114
Kawamoto K, Ishimoto S, Minoda R, Brough D E, Raphael Y.
Math1 gene transfer generates new cochlear hair cells in mature guinea pigs in vivo.
J Neurosci.
2003;
23 (11)
4395-4400
- 115
Forge A, Li L, Corwin J T, Nevill G.
Ultrastructural evidence for hair cell regeneration in the mammalian inner ear.
Science.
1993;
259 (5101)
1616-1619
- 116
Warchol M E, Lambert P R, Goldstein B J, Forge A, Corwin J T.
Regenerative proliferation in inner ear sensory epithelia from adult guinea pigs and
humans.
Science.
1993;
259 (5101)
1619-1622
- 117
Shou J, Zheng J L, Gao W Q.
Robust generation of new hair cells in the mature mammalian inner ear by adenoviral
expression of Hath1.
Mol Cell Neurosci.
2003;
23(2)
169-179
- 118
Li H, Corrales C E, Edge A, Heller S.
Stem cells as therapy for hearing loss.
Trends Mol Med.
2004;
10 (7)
309-315
- 119
Parker M A, Cotanche D A.
The potential use of stem cells for cochlear repair.
Audiol Neurootol.
2004;
9 (2)
72-80
- 120
Li H, Roblin G, Liu H, Heller S.
Generation of hair cells by stepwise differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
2003;
100 (23)
13 495-13 500
- 121
Li H, Liu H, Heller S.
Pluripotent stem cells from the adult mouse inner ear.
Nat Med.
2003;
9 (10)
1293-1299
- 122
Goycoolea M V.
Clinical aspects of round window membrane permeability under normal and pathological
conditions.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2001;
121 (4)
437-447
- 123
Ersner M S, Spiegel E A, Alexander M H.
Transtympanic injection of anesthetics for the treatment of Menièr's Syndrome.
Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1951;
(54)
43-52
- 124
Völger G.
Beseitigung von Labyrinthliquordruckstörungen bei dem Menièrschen Symptomkomplex durch
das Hyaluronidasepräparat Kinetin.
HNO.
1952;
3 (5)
142-147
- 125
Chandrasekhar S S.
Intratympanic dexamethasone for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. clinical and laboratory
evaluation.
Otol Neurotol.
2001;
22 (1)
18-23
- 126
Gianoli G J, Li J C.
Transtympanic steroids for treatment of sudden hearing loss.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2001;
125 (3)
142-146
- 127
Gouveris H, Selivanova O, Mann W.
Intratympanic dexamethasone with hyaluronic acid in the treatment of idiopathic sudden
sensorineural hearing loss after failure of intravenous steroid and vasoactive therapy.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2004;
(Epub ahead of print)
- 128
Guan-Min H, Hung-Ching L, Min-Tsan S, Cheng-Chien Y, Hsun-Tien T.
Effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection in sudden-deafness patients
as salvage treatment.
Laryngoscope.
2004;
114 (7)
1184-1189
- 129
Hoffmann K K, Silverstein H.
Inner ear perfusion: indications and applications.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2003;
11 (5)
334-339
- 130
Kopke R D, Hoffer M E, Wester D, O'Leary M J, Jackson R L.
Targeted topical steroid therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Otol Neurotol.
2001;
22 (4)
475-479
- 131
Lefebvre P P, Staecker H.
Steroid perfusion of the inner ear for sudden sensorineural hearing loss after failure
of conventional therapy: a pilot study.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2002;
122 (7)
698-702
- 132
Parnes L S, Sun A H, Freeman D J.
Corticosteroid pharmacokinetics in the inner ear fluids: an animal study followed
by clinical application.
Laryngoscope.
1999;
109 (7 Pt 2)
1-17
- 133
Itoh A, Sakata E.
Treatment of vestibular disorders.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
1991;
481
617-623
- 134
Sennaroglu L, Dini F M, Sennaroglu G, Gursel B, Ozkan S.
Transtympanic dexamethasone application in Menière's disease: an alternative treatment
for intractable vertigo.
J Laryngol Otol.
1999;
113 (3)
217-221
- 135
Shea J J, Jr, Ge X.
Dexamethasone perfusion of the labyrinth plus intravenous dexamethasone for Menière's
disease.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am.
1996;
29 (2)
353-358
- 136
Silverstein H, Isaacson J E, Olds M J, Rowan P T, Rosenberg S.
Dexamethasone inner ear perfusion for the treatment of Menière's disease: a prospective,
randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.
Am J Otol.
1998;
19 (2)
196-201
- 137
Cesarani A, Capobianco S, Soi D, Giuliano D A, Alpini D.
Intratympanic dexamethasone treatment for control of subjective idiopathic tinnitus:
our clinical experience.
Int Tinnitus J.
2002;
8 (2)
111-114
- 138
Coles R R, Thompson A C, O'Donoghue G M.
Intra-tympanic injections in the treatment of tinnitus.
Clin Otolaryngol.
1992;
17 (3)
240-242
- 139
Sakata E, Ito Y, Itoh A.
Clinical experiences of steroid targeting therapy to inner ear for control of tinnitus.
Int Tinnitus J.
1997;
3 (2)
117-121
- 140
Shulman A, Goldstein B.
Intratympanic drug therapy with steroids for tinnitus control. a preliminary report.
Int Tinnitus J.
2000;
6 (1)
10-20
- 141
Silverstein H, Choo D, Rosenberg S I, Kuhn J, Seidman M, Stein I.
Intratympanic steroid treatment of inner ear disease and tinnitus (preliminary report).
Ear Nose Throat J.
1996;
75 (8)
468-71, 474, 476
- 142
Ristow W.
Zur Behandlung der Menière-Krankheit mittels temporärer Labyrinthanästhesie.
Z Laryngol Rhinol.
1968;
(6)
442-448
- 143
Schwab B, Lenarz T, Heermann R.
[Use of the round window micro cath for inner ear therapy - results of a placebo-controlled,
prospective study on chronic tinnitus].
Laryngorhinootologie.
2004;
83 (3)
164-172
- 144
Chen Z, Ulfendahl M, Ruan R, Tan L, Duan M.
Acute treatment of noise trauma with local caroverine application in the guinea pig.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2003;
123 (8)
905-909
- 145
Hight N G, McFadden S L, Henderson D, Burkard R F, Nicotera T.
Noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas pre-treated with glutathione monoethylester
and R-PIA.
Hear Res.
2003;
179 (1 - 2)
21-32
- 146
Keithley E M, Ma C L, Ryan A F, Louis J C, Magal E.
GDNF protects the cochlea against noise damage.
Neuroreport.
1998;
9 (10)
2183-2187
- 147
Wang J, Dib M, Lenoir M, Vago P, Eybalin M, Hameg A, Pujol R, Puel J L.
Riluzole rescues cochlear sensory cells from acoustic trauma in the guinea-pig.
Neuroscience.
2002;
111 (3)
635-648
- 148
Korver K D, Rybak L P, Whitworth C, Campbell K M.
Round window application of D-methionine provides complete cisplatin otoprotection.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2002;
126 (6)
683-689
- 149
Li G, Frenz D A, Brahmblatt S, Feghali J G, Ruben R J, Berggren D, Arezzo J, Van De
Water T R.
Round window membrane delivery of L-methionine provides protection from cisplatin
ototoxicity without compromising chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Neurotoxicology.
2001;
22 (2)
163-176
- 150
Dazert S, Battaglia A, Ryan A F.
Transfection of neonatal rat cochlear cells in vitro with an adenovirus vector.
Int J Dev Neurosci.
1997;
15 (4 - 5)
595-600
- 151
Lalwani A K, Walsh B J, Reilly P G, Muzyczka N, Mhatre A N.
Development of in vivo gene therapy for hearing disorders: introduction of adeno-associated
virus into the cochlea of the guinea pig.
Gene Ther.
1996;
3 (7)
588-592
- 152
Raphael Y, Frisancho J C, Roessler B J.
Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into guinea pig cochlear cells in vivo.
Neurosci Lett.
1996;
207 (2)
137-141
- 153
Stover T, Yagi M, Raphael Y.
Cochlear gene transfer: round window versus cochleostomy inoculation.
Hear Res.
1999;
136 (1 - 2)
124-130
- 154
Bachmann G, Su J, Zumegen C, Wittekindt C, Michel O.
Permeabilität der runden Fenstermembran für Prednisolon-21-Hydrogensuccinat.
HNO.
2001;
49 (7)
538-542
- 155
Chen Z, Duan M, Lee H, Ruan R, Ulfendahl M.
Pharmacokinetics of caroverine in the inner ear and its effects on cochlear function
after systemic and local administrations in Guinea pigs.
Audiol Neurootol.
2003;
8 (1)
49-56
- 156
Hibi T, Suzuki T, Nakashima T.
Perilymphatic concentration of gentamicin administered intratympanically in guinea
pigs.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2001;
121
336-341
- 157
Hoffer M E, Balough B, Henderson J, DeCicco M, Wester D, O'Leary M J, Kopke R.
Use of sustained release vehicles in the treatment of Ménière's disease.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am.
1997;
30 (6)
1159-1166
- 158
Tran Ba H P, Bernard P, Schacht J.
Kinetics of gentamicin uptake and release in the rat. Comparison of inner ear tissues
and fluids with other organs.
J Clin Invest.
1986;
77 (5)
1492-1500
- 159
Gallant C, Kenny P.
Oral glucocorticoids and their complications. A review.
J Am Acad Dermatol.
1986;
14 (2 Pt 1)
161-177
- 160
Lange G, Maurer J, Mann W.
Long-term results after interval therapy with intratympanic gentamicin for Menière's
disease.
Laryngoscope.
2004;
114 (1)
102-105
- 161
Thomsen J, Charabi S, Tos M.
Preliminary results of a new delivery system for gentamicin to the inner ear in patients
with Menière's disease.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2000;
257 (7)
362-365
- 162
Schoendorf J, Neugebauer P, Michel O.
Continuous intratympanic infusion of gentamicin via a microcatheter in Menière's disease.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2001;
124 (2)
203-207
- 163
Salt A N, Ma Y.
Quantification of solute entry into cochlear perilymph through the round window membrane.
Hear Res.
2001;
154 (1 - 2)
88-97
- 164
Salt A N.
Simulation of methods for drug delivery to the cochlear fluids.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
140-148
- 165 Hobbie R K. Transport in an Infinite Medium; Intermediate Physics for Medicine
and Biology. New York; Springer 1997: 85-90
- 166
Plontke S K, Salt A N.
Quantitative interpretation of corticosteroid pharmakokinetics in innner ear fluids
using computer simulations.
Hear Res.
2003;
182
34-42
- 167
Chandrasekhar S S, Rubinstein R Y, Kwartler J A, Gatz M, Connelly P E, Huang E, Baredes S.
Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in the inner ear: comparison of route of administration
and use of facilitating agents.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2000;
122 (4)
521-528
- 168
Selivanova O, Maurer J, Ecke U, Mann W J.
[The effects of Streptolysin-O and sodium hyaluronate on the permeability of the round
window membrane in guinea pigs - an electrophysiologic study].
Laryngorhinootologie.
2003;
82 (4)
235-239
- 169
Ohyama K, Salt A N, Thalmann R.
Volume flow rate of perilymph in the guinea-pig cochlea.
Hear Res.
1988;
35 (2 - 3)
119-129
- 170
Salt A N, Ohyama K, Thalmann R.
Radial communication between the perilymphatic scalae of the cochlea. II. Estimation
by bolus injection of tracer into the sealed cochlea.
Hear Res.
1991;
56 (1 - 2)
37-43
- 171
Salt A N, Thalmann R, Marcus D C, Bohne B A.
Direct measurement of longitudinal endolymph flow rate in the guinea pig cochlea.
Hear Res.
1986;
23 (2)
141-151
- 172
Plontke S K, Wood A W, Salt A N.
Analysis of gentamicin kinetics in fluids of the inner ear with round window administration.
Otol Neurotol.
2002;
23 (6)
967-974
- 173
Saijo S, Kimura R S.
Distribution of HRP in the inner ear after injection into the middle ear cavity.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1984;
97 (5 - 6)
593-610
- 174
Hoffer M E, Allen K, Kopke R D, Weisskopf P, Gottshall K, Wester D.
Transtympanic versus sustained-release administration of gentamicin: kinetics, morphology,
and function.
Laryngoscope.
2001;
111 (8)
1343-1357
- 175
Laurell G, Teixeira M, Sterkers O, Bagger-Sjoback D, Eksborg S, Lidman O, Ferrary E.
Local administration of antioxidants to the inner ear. Kinetics and distribution.
Hear Res.
2002;
173 (1 - 2)
198-209
- 176
Thorne M, Salt A N, DeMott J E, Henson M M, Henson O W, Jr, Gewalt S L.
Cochlear fluid space dimensions for six species derived from reconstructions of three-dimensional
magnetic resonance images.
Laryngoscope.
1999;
109 (10)
1661-1668
- 177
Hara A, Salt A N, Thalmann R.
Perilymph composition in scala tympani of the cochlea: influence of cerebrospinal
fluid.
Hear Res.
1989;
42 (2 - 3)
265-271
- 178
Salt A N, Kellner C, Hale S.
Contamination of perilymph samples from the basal cochlear fluid with cerebrospinal
fluid.
Hear Res.
2003;
(182)
23-33
- 179
Scheibe F, Haupt H, Bergmann K.
On sources of error in the biochemical study of perilymph (guinea pig).
Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1984;
240
43-48
- 180
Hahn H, Plontke S K, Zenner H P, Salt A N.
Microdialysis for studying pharmacokinetics in the inner ear and interpretation of
results using a finite element model.
Assoc Res Otolaryngol Abs.
2004;
65
- 181
Lange G.
[27 years experiences with transtympanic aminoglycoside treatment of Menière's disease].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1995;
74 (12)
720-723
- 182
Schuknecht H F.
Ablation therapy in the management of Menière's disease.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1957;
47 (Suppl 132)
1-42
- 183
Arriaga M A, Goldman S.
Hearing results of intratympanic steroid treatment of endolymphatic hydrops.
Laryngoscope.
1998;
108 (11 Pt 1)
1682-1685
- 184
Kroath F.
Transtympanale Injektion zur Behandlung des Menièreschen Syndroms.
Z Laryngol Rhinol.
1960;
39
190
- 185
Silverstein H, Arruda J, Rosenberg S I, Deems D, Hester T O.
Direct round window membrane application of gentamicin in the treatment of Menière's
disease.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1999;
120 (5)
649-655
- 186
Alzamil K S, Linthicum F H, Jr.
Extraneous round window membranes and plugs. possible effect on intratympanic therapy.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
2000;
109 (1)
30-32
- 187
Plontke S K, Plinkert P K, Plinkert B, Koitschev A, Zenner H P, Lowenheim H.
Transtympanic endoscopy for drug delivery to the inner ear using a new microendoscope.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol.
2002;
59
149-155
- 188
Silverstein H.
Use of a new device, the MicroWick, to deliver medication to the inner ear.
Ear Nose Throat J.
1999;
78 (8)
595-8, 600
- 189
Lehner R, Brugger H, Maassen M M, Zenner H P.
A totally implantable drug delivery system for local therapy of the middle and inner
ear.
Ear Nose Throat J.
1997;
76 (8)
567-570
- 190
Praetorius M, Limberger A, Muller M, Lehner R, Schick B, Zenner H P, Plinkert P, Knipper M.
A novel microperfusion system for the long-term local supply of drugs to the inner
ear: implantation and function in the rat model.
Audiol Neurootol.
2001;
6 (5)
250-258
- 191
Endo T, Nakagawa T, Kita T, Iguchi F, Kim T S, Tamura T, Naito Y, Tabata Y, Ito J.
A novel drug delivery system into the innner ear.
Abs Assoc Res ORL.
2004;
27
64
- 192
Arnold W, Senn P, Hennig M, Michaelis C, Deingruber K, Scheler R, Steinhoff H J, Riphagen F,
Lamm K.
Novel slow- and fast type drug release round-window microimplants for local drug application
to the cochlea. An experimental study in guinea pigs.
Audio Neurootol.
2005;
10
53-63
- 193 Plontke S, Lowenheim H, Preyer S, Leins S, Koitschev A, Zimmermann R, Zenner H P.
Continuous intratympanic application of corticosteroids in patients with severe sudden
sensorineural hearing loss and sudden deafness. Abs. of the 75th Congress of the German
Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, May 2004, Bad Reichenhall. Eur
Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004:
- 194 Lautermann J, Junker R. Intratympanale Cortisontherapie bei akutem hochgradigem
Hörverlust. HNO-Information 29 (2), 83 2004:
- 195
Suckfull M, Thiery J, Schorn K, Kastenbauer E, Seidel D.
Clinical utility of LDL-apheresis in the treatment of sudden hearing loss: a prospective,
randomized study.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1999;
119 (7)
763-766
- 196
Suckfull M.
Fibrinogen and LDL apheresis in treatment of sudden hearing loss: a randomised multicentre
trial.
Lancet.
2002;
360 (9348)
1811-1817
- 197
Ullrich H, Kleinjung T, Steffens T, Jacob P, Schmitz G, Strutz J.
Improved treatment of sudden hearing loss by specific fibrinogen aphaeresis.
J Clin Apheresis.
2004;
19 (2)
71-78
- 198
Hallett M.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain.
Nature.
2000;
406 (6792)
147-150
- 199
Chen R, Classen J, Gerloff C, Celnik P, Wassermann E M, Hallett M, Cohen L G.
Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Neurology.
1997;
48 (5)
1398-1403
- 200
Plewnia C, Bartels M, Gerloff C.
Transient suppression of tinnitus by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Ann Neurol.
2003;
53 (2)
263-266
- 201
Muhlnickel W, Elbert T, Taub E, Flor H.
Reorganization of auditory cortex in tinnitus.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
1998;
95 (17)
10 340-10 343
- 202
Rauschecker J P.
Auditory cortical plasticity: a comparison with other sensory systems.
Trends Neurosci.
1999;
22 (2)
74-80
- 203
Lockwood A H, Wack D S, Burkard R F, Coad M L, Reyes S A, Arnold S A, Salvi R J.
The functional anatomy of gaze-evoked tinnitus and sustained lateral gaze.
Neurology.
2001;
56 (4)
472-480
- 204
Moller A R.
Similarities between severe tinnitus and chronic pain.
J Am Acad Audiol.
2000;
11 (3)
115-124
- 205
Hoffman R E, Cavus I.
Slow transcranial magnetic stimulation, long-term depotentiation, and brain hyperexcitability
disorders.
Am J Psychiatry.
2002;
159 (7)
1093-1102
- 206
Eichhammer P, Langguth B, Marienhagen J, Kleinjung T, Hajak G.
Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with tinnitus:
a short case series.
Biol Psychiatry.
2003;
54 (8)
862-865
- 207
Plewnia C, Kammer T, Gerloff C.
Comment on „Neuronavigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients
with tinnitus: a short case series”.
Biol Psychiatry.
2004;
55 (11)
1117-1118
- 208
Okusa M, Shiraishi T, Kubo T, Matsunaga T.
Tinnitus suppression by electrical promontory stimulation in sensorineural deaf patients.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
1993;
501
54-58
- 209
DeRidder D, DeMulder G, Walsh V, Muggleton N, Sunaert S, Moller A.
Magnetic and electrical stimulation of the auditory cortex for intractable tinnitus.
Case report.
J Neurosurg.
2004;
100 (3)
560-564
- 210
Jastreboff P J, Hazell J W.
A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus. clinical implications.
Br J Audiol.
1993;
27 (1)
7-17
- 211
Jastreboff P J, Jastreboff M M.
Tinnitus retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance.
13.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am.
2003;
36 (2)
321-336
- 212
Kroener-Herwig B, Biesinger E, Gerhards F, Goebel G, Verena G K, Hiller W.
Retraining therapy for chronic tinnitus. A critical analysis of its status.
Scand Audiol.
2000;
29 (2)
67-78
- 213
von Wedel H, von Wedel U C.
[An assessment of tinnitus retraining therapy].
HNO.
2000;
48 (12)
887-901
- 214 Goebel G, Rubler D, Stepputat F, Hiller W, Heuser J, Fichter M M.
Controlled prospective study of tinnitus retraining therapy compared to tinnitus coping
therapy and broad-band noise generator therapy. In: Hazell JW (ed) Proceedings of the Sixth International Tinnitus Seminar. Cambridge
1999: 302-306
- 215
Delb W, D'Amelio R, Boisten C J, Plinkert P K.
[Evaluation of the tinnitus retraining therapy as combined with a cognitive behavioral
group therapy].
HNO.
2002;
50 (11)
997-1004
- 216 McKinney C J, Hazell J W, Graham R L.
An evaluation of the TRT method. In: Hazell JW (ed) Proceedings of the Sixth International Tinnitus Seminar. Cambridge;
1999: 99-105
- 217
Schilter B, Jager B, Heermann R, Lamprecht F.
[Drug and psychological therapies in chronic subjective tinnitus. Meta-analysis of
therapeutic effectiveness].
HNO.
2000;
48 (8)
589-597
- 218
Andersson G, Lyttkens L.
A meta-analytic review of psychological treatments for tinnitus.
Br J Audiol.
1999;
33 (4)
201-210
- 219
Dobie R A.
A review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus.
Laryngoscope.
1999;
109 (8)
1202-1211
- 220 Goebel G, Hiller W. Tinnitus-Fragebogen (TF). Ein Instrument zur Erfassung von
Belastung und Schweregrad bei Tinnitus. Göttingen, Bern, Toronto, Seattle; Hogrefe
1998
- 221 Delb W, D'Amelio R, Archonti C, Schonecke O. Tinnitus. Ein Manual zur Tinnitus-Retrainingtherapie. Göttingen,
Bern, Toronto, Seattle; Hogrefe-Verlag 2002
- 222 Hesse G, Biesinger E, Greimel K V, Laubert A, Nelting M, Schaaf H, von Wedel H.
Retraining und Tinnitustherapie. Stuttgart, New York; Georg Thieme Verlag 1999
- 223
Zenner H P, Zalaman I M.
Cognitive tinnitus sensitization. behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of tinnitus
centralization.
Acta Otolaryngol.
2004;
124 (4)
436-439
- 224
Greimel K V, Biesinger E.
[Psychological principles in the treatment of tinnitus patients].
HNO.
1999;
47 (2)
130-134
- 225 Kroener-Herwig B. Psychologische Behandlung des chronischen Tinnitus. Weinheim;
Beltz, Psychologie Verlags Union 1997
- 226
Kroner-Herwig B, Hebing G, Rijn-Kalkmann U, Frenzel A, Schilkowsky G, Esser G.
The management of chronic tinnitus - comparison of a cognitive-behavioural group training
with yoga.
J Psychosom Res.
1995;
39 (2)
153-165
- 227
Kroner-Herwig B, Frenzel A, Fritsche G, Schilkowsky G, Esser G.
The management of chronic tinnitus: comparison of an outpatient cognitive-behavioral
group training to minimal-contact interventions.
J Psychosom Res.
2003;
54 (4)
381-389
- 228
Weinaug P.
[Spontaneous remission in sudden deafness].
HNO.
1984;
32 (8)
346-351
- 229 Schuknecht H F. Sudden deafness; pathology of the ear. Philadelphia; Lea & Febiger
1993: 524-529
- 230
Chen C Y, Halpin C, Rauch S D.
Oral steroid treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a ten year retrospective
analysis.
Otol Neurotol.
2003;
24 (5)
728-733
- 231
Beecher H K.
The powerful placebo.
JAMA.
1955;
159
1602-1606
- 232
Hrobjartsson A, Gotzsche P.
Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
2004;
3
CD003974
- 233
Hrobjartsson A, Gotzsche P C.
Is the placebo powerless? Update of a systematic review with 52 new randomized trials
comparing placebo with no treatment.
J Intern Med.
2004;
256 (2)
91-100
- 234
Desloovere C, Meyer-Breiting E, von Ilberg C.
[Randomized double-blind study of therapy of sudden deafness: initial results].
HNO.
1988;
36 (10)
417-422
- 235
Cinamon U, Bendet E, Kronenberg J.
Steroids, carbogen or placebo for sudden hearing loss. a prospective double-blind
study.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2001;
258 (9)
477-480
- 236
Begg C, Cho M, Eastwood S, Horton R, Moher D, Olkin I, Pitkin R, Rennie D, Schulz K F,
Simel D, Stroup D F.
Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement.
JAMA.
1996;
276 (8)
637-639
- 237
Altman D G, Schulz K F, Moher D, Egger M, Davidoff F, Elbourne D, Gotzsche P C, Lang T.
The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration.
Ann Intern Med.
2001;
134 (8)
663-694
- 238
Moher D, Schulz K F, Altman D G.
The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports
of parallel-group randomised trials.
Lancet.
2001;
357 (9263)
1191-1194
- 239
Ah-See K W, Molony N C.
A qualitative assessment of randomized controlled trials in otolaryngology.
J Laryngol Otol.
1998;
112 (5)
460-463
- 240
Baujat B, Da Minteguiaga C, Lecanu J B, Herman P, Tran Ba Huy P.
[Is sudden sensorineural hearing loss a therapeutic emergency? Early results in a
prospective cohort of 136 patients].
Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac.
2002;
119 (1)
3-11
- 241
Byl F M, Jr.
Sudden hearing loss: eight years' experience and suggested prognostic table.
Laryngoscope.
1984;
94 (5 Pt 1)
647-661
- 242
Edamatsu H, Hasegawa M, Oku T, Nigauri T, Kurita N, Watanabe I.
Treatment of sudden deafness: carbon dioxide and oxygen inhalation and steroids.
Clin Otolaryngol.
1985;
10 (2)
69-72
- 243
Fetterman B L, Saunders J E, Luxford W M.
Prognosis and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Am J Otol.
1996;
17 (4)
529-536
- 244
Hultcrantz E, Stenquist M, Lyttkens L.
Sudden deafness: a retrospective evaluation of dextran therapy.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec.
1994;
56 (3)
137-142
- 245
Kanzaki J, Taiji H, Ogawa K.
Evaluation of hearing recovery and efficacy of steroid treatment in sudden deafness.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
1988;
456
31-36
- 246
Leunig A, Szeimies R M, Wilmes E, Gutmann R, Stolz W, Feyh J.
[Clinical and electron microscopy study of sudden deafness treatment with the 10 %
HES 200/0. 5 and pentoxifylline combination].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1995;
74 (3)
135-140
- 247
Linssen O, Schultz-Coulon H J.
[Prognostic criteria in sudden deafness].
HNO.
1997;
45 (1)
22-29
- 248
Maassen M M, Pfister M, Plontke S, Koitschev A, Vogler A, Lowenheim H.
[Recovery of hearing: results of delayed medical treatment in patients with idiopathic
sudden hearing loss].
HNO.
2002;
50 (12)
1062-1067
- 249
Michel O, Jahns T, Joost-Enneking M, Neugebauer P, Streppel M, Stennert E.
[The Stennert antiphlogistic-rheologic infusion schema in treatment of cochleovestibular
disorders].
HNO.
2000;
48 (3)
182-188
- 250
Michels E, Matzker J.
[Sudden deafness and its therapy. Clinical study of 548 cases].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1988;
67 (4)
171-176
- 251
Minoda R, Masuyama K, Habu K, Yumoto E.
Initial steroid hormone dose in the treatment of idiopathic sudden deafness.
Am J Otol.
2000;
21 (6)
819-825
- 252
Mosnier I, Bouccara D, tassi-Dumont M, Sterkers O.
[Treatments of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: retrospective study of
144 cases].
Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord ).
1998;
119 (2)
119-128
- 253
Samim E, Kilic R, Ozdek A, Gocmen H, Eryilmaz A, Unlu I.
Combined treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with steroid, dextran and
piracetam: experience with 68 cases.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
2004;
261 (4)
187-190
- 254
Shiraishi T, Kubo T, Okumura S, Naramura H, Nishimura M, Okusa M, Matsunaga T.
Hearing recovery in sudden deafness patients using a modified defibrinogenation therapy.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
1993;
501
46-50
- 255
Wilkins S A, Jr, Mattox D E, Lyles A.
Evaluation of a „shotgun” regimen for sudden hearing loss.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1987;
97 (5)
474-480
- 256
Wissen I, Aziz M Y.
[Experiences in therapy of acute labyrinthine deafness with low-molecular dextran,
pentoxifyllin and nicotinic acid].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1981;
60 (7)
361-363
- 257
Zadeh M H, Storper I S, Spitzer J B.
Diagnosis and treatment of sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss: a study of 51
patients.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2003;
128 (1)
92-98
- 258
Zastrow G, Arndt H J.
[Clinical aspects and therapy of sudden deafness. Data of a patient sample of the
ear, nose, throat clinic of the Wiesbaden City Clinic 1974 - 1982].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1987;
66 (5)
237-241
- 259
Nageris B I, Ulanovski D, Attias J.
Magnesium treatment for sudden hearing loss.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
2004;
113 (8)
672-675
- 260 Ganzer U, Albegger K W, Arnold W, Biesinger E, Brusis T, Jahnke K, Jaumann M P,
Klemm E, Koch U, Lamm K, Lenarz T, Michel O, Mösges R, Probst R, Strutz J, Suckfull M,
Vasseur M, Westhofen M, Zenner H P. Leitlinie Hörsturz der Deutschen Gesellschaft
für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie. Ganzer U. AMWF online Nr.
017/010. 2004:
- 261
Eibach H, Borger U.
[Therapeutic results in acute acoustic trauma].
Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1980;
226 (3)
177-186
- 262
Pilgramm M.
[Hemodilution therapy of acute inner ear damage].
Acta Med Austriaca.
1991;
18 Suppl 1
60-62
- 263
Pilgramm M, Schafer A, Schumann K.
[Efficacy of naftidrofurylhydrogenoxalate (Dusodril) as adjunctive therapy of patients
with acute acoustic trauma. A controlled double-blind study].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1986;
65 (7)
381-383
- 264
Pilgramm M, Schumann K.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute acoustic trauma.
Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1985;
241 (3)
247-257
- 265
Pilgramm M.
Clinical and animal experiment studies to optimise the therapy for acute acoustic
trauma.
Scand Audiol Suppl.
1991;
34
103-122
- 266
Maurer J, Mann W J, Amedee R G.
Calcium channel blockers for prevention of noise trauma in otologic surgery.
J La State Med Soc.
1998;
150 (9)
400-405
- 267
Attias J, Weisz G, Almog S, Shahar A, Wiener M, Joachims Z, Netzer A, Ising H, Rebentisch E,
Guenther T.
Oral magnesium intake reduces permanent hearing loss induced by noise exposure.
Am J Otolaryngol.
1994;
15 (1)
26-32
- 268 Gacek R R, Gacek M R. Advances in Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 60. Viral neuropathies
in the temopral bone. Karger 2002
- 269
Westerlaken B O, Stokroos R J, Dhooge I J, Wit H P, Albers F W.
Treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss with antiviral therapy:
a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
2003;
112 (11)
993-1000
- 270
Stokroos R J, Albers F W, Tenvergert E M.
Antiviral treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. a prospective,
randomized, double-blind clinical trial.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1998;
118 (4)
488-495
- 271
Tucci D L, Farmer J C, Jr, Kitch R D, Witsell D L.
Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with systemic steroids and valacyclovir.
Otol Neurotol.
2002;
23 (3)
301-308
- 272
Uri N, Doweck I, Cohen-Kerem R, Greenberg E.
Acyclovir in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
2003;
128 (4)
544-549
- 273
McCabe B F.
Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
1979;
88 (5 Pt 1)
585-589
- 274
Gloddek B, Arnold W.
Clinical and experimental studies of autoimmune inner ear disease.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
2002;
(548)
10-14
- 275
Ryan A F, Harris J P, Keithley E M.
Immune-mediated hearing loss: basic mechanisms and options for therapy.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl.
2002;
(548)
38-43
- 276
Solares C A, Hughes G B, Tuohy V K.
Autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss. an immunologic perspective.
J Neuroimmunol.
2003;
138 (1 - 2)
1-7
- 277
Lautermann J, Dehne N, Schacht J, Jahnke K.
[Aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-ototoxicity: from basic science to clinics].
Laryngorhinootologie.
2004;
83 (5)
317-323
- 278
Huang W, Chen Y, Zha D, Qiu J, Wang J, Sha S, Schacht J.
Prevention of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss by aspirin. Preliminary data from
a clinical study.
Assos Res Otolaryngol Abs.
2002;
262
- 279
Wimmer C, Mees K, Stumpf P, Welsch U, Reichel O, Suckfull M.
Round window application of D-methionine, sodium thiosulfate, brain-derived neurotrophic
factor, and fibroblast growth factor-2 in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Otol Neurotol.
2004;
25 (1)
33-40
- 280
el Sammaa M, Linthicum F H, Jr, House H P, House J W.
Calcitonin as treatment for hearing loss in Paget's disease.
Am J Otol.
1986;
7 (4)
241-243
- 281
Lando M, Hoover L A, Finerman G.
Stabilization of hearing loss in Paget's disease with calcitonin and etidronate.
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1988;
114 (8)
891-894
- 282 Zenner H P.
Implantable hearing devices: an introduction. In: Jahnke K (ed) Middle ear surgery - recent advances and future directions. Stuttgart,
New York; Thieme 2004: 141-160
- 283 Cremers C WRJ, Smith R JH. Genetic Hearing Impairment. Basel; Karger 2002
- 284
Pfister M, Blin N.
Genetik der HNO-Krankheiten.
Medizinische Genetik.
2002;
14 (1)
5-57
- 285
Kennedy D W, Hoffer M E, Holliday M.
The effects of etidronate disodium on progressive hearing loss from otosclerosis.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.
1993;
109 (3 Pt 1)
461-467
- 286
Cheung B M, Lauder I J, Lau C P, Kumana C R.
Meta-analysis of large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of statins
on cardiovascular outcomes.
Br J Clin Pharmacol.
2004;
57 (5)
640-651
- 287
Preyer S, Baisch A, Bless D, Gummer A W.
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in human hypercholesterolemia.
Hear Res.
2001;
152 (1 - 2)
139-151
- 288 Biesinger E. Die Behandlung von Ohrgeräuschen. Stuttgart; Trias 2002
- 289 Feldmann H, Lenarz T, von Wedel H. Tinnitus. Grundlagen einer rationalen Diagnostik
und Therapie. 2. ed. Stuttgart, New York; Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart 1998
- 290 Goebel G. Ohrgeräusche erträglich machen. Heidelberg; Urban & Vogel 2001
- 291 Goebel G. Tinnitus und Hyperakusis. Göttingen; Hogrefe 2003
- 292 Schaaf H, Holtmann H. Psychotherapie bei Tinnitus. Stuttgart; Schattauer Verlag
2002
- 293 Lenarz T, Arnold W, Biesinger E, Brinkmann U, Edlinger H, Ehrenberger K, Goebel G,
Greimel K V, Knör H, Mackinger H, Malisa E, Moser M, Walger M, von Wedel H. und ADANO
.Leitlinie Tinnitus der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf-
und Hals-Chirurgie. Lenarz T (ed). AMWF online 017/064
- 294 Andersson G, Baguley D, McKenna L. Tinnitus. A multidisciplinary approach. London;
Whurr Publishers 2004
- 295 Jastreboff P J, Hazell J W. Tinnitus retraining therapy. Implementing the neurophysiological
model. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press 2004
- 296 Jastreboff P J, Gray W C, Mattox D E.
Tinnitus and hyperacusis. In: Cummings C, Frederickson JM, Harker LA, Krause CJ, Richardson MA, Schuller DE
(eds) Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. St. Louis; Mosby 1999
- 297 Tyler R S. Tinnitus handbook. Singular Publishing Group Inc 2000
- 298
Ehrenberger K, Felix D.
Receptor pharmacological models for inner ear therapies with emphasis on glutamate
receptors: a survey.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1995;
115 (2)
236-240
- 299
Simpson J J, Davies W E.
Recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of tinnitus.
Trends Pharmacol Sci.
1999;
20 (1)
12-18
- 300
Denk D M, Heinzl H, Franz P, Ehrenberger K.
Caroverine in tinnitus treatment. A placebo-controlled blind study.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1997;
117 (6)
825-830
- 301 Nelting M. Hyperakusis. Stuttgart, New York; Ggeorg Thieme Verlag 2002
- 302
Koehn W, Nickol H J.
[Sudden deafness - on the age dependence of therapy results with reference to naftidrofuryl
(Dusodril)].
HNO.
1985;
33 (1)
36-39
- 303
Nickisch A, Heinemann M, Gross M.
[Drug therapy in sensorineural hearing loss in childhood].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1987;
66 (12)
664-666
- 304
Nickisch A, Heinemann M, Gross M.
[Different forms of drug therapy for progressive sensorineural hearing loss in childhood].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1988;
67 (10)
498-500
- 305
Beutter P, Guinard F, Jalbert D, Marsac A, Morin R, Sauvage J P, Soudant J.
[Value of the administration of trimetazidine associated with hemodilution in the
treatment of sudden deafness. Report of a multicenter study].
Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac.
1990;
107 (5)
345-350
- 306
Poser R, Hirche H.
[Randomized double-blind study of therapy of sudden deafness. Low molecular weight
dextran + naftidrofuryl vs. low molecular weight dextran + placebo].
HNO.
1992;
40 (10)
396-399
- 307
Dauman R, Poisot D, Cros A M, Zennaro O, Bertrand B, Duclos J Y, Esteben D, Milacic M,
Boudey C, Bebear J P.
[Sudden deafness: a randomized comparative study of 2 administration modalities of
hyperbaric oxygenotherapy combined with naftidrofuryl].
Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord).
1993;
114 (1)
53-58
- 308
Sano H, Okamoto M, Hirayama M, Ono Y, Nitta M.
[Hearing recovery in sudden deafness with profound hearing loss].
Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho.
1998;
101 (6)
836-840
- 309
Fujino M, Hisashi K, Yashima N, Takeshita M, Fujiwara Y, Chujo K, Nakagawa T, Komune S,
Komiyama S.
Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with a continuous epidural block.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol.
1999;
256 Suppl 1
S18-21
- 310
Gordin A, Goldenberg D, Golz A, Netzer A, Joachims H Z.
Magnesium: a new therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Otol Neurotol.
2002;
23 (4)
447-451
- 311
Joachims H Z, Segal J, Golz A, Netzer A, Goldenberg D.
Antioxidants in treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
Otol Neurotol.
2003;
24 (4)
572-575
- 312
Giger H L.
[Therapy of sudden deafness with O2/CO2 inhalation].
HNO.
1979;
27 (3)
107-109
- 313
Goto F, Fujita T, Kitani Y, Kanno M, Kamei T, Ishii H.
Hyperbaric oxygen and stellate ganglion blocks for idiopathic sudden hearing loss.
Acta Otolaryngol.
1979;
88 (5 - 6)
335-342
- 314
Dauman R, Cros A M, Poisot D.
[Treatment of sudden deafness: first results of a comparative study].
J Otolaryngol.
1985;
14 (1)
49-56
- 315
Pilgramm M, Vestner H J, Schumann K.
[Low-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch or low-molecular-weight dextran in acute
inner ear disorders? A randomized comparative study].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1986;
65 (7)
377-380
- 316
Laskawi R, Schrader B, Schroder M, Poser R, von der Brelle R.
[Therapy of sudden deafness - naftidrofuryl (Dusodril) and pentoxifylline (Trental)
compared].
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg).
1987;
66 (5)
242-245
- 317
Friedrich G, Ott E.
[Prospective randomized study on the comparative effect between 10 % HES 200/0.5 and
6 % HES 200/0.5 in patients with hearing loss].
Laryngorhinootologie.
1991;
70 (12)
670-674
- 318
Kanzaki J, Inoue Y, Ogawa K, Fukuda S, Fukushima K, Gyo K, Yanagihara N, Hoshino T,
Ishitoya J, Toriyama M, Kitamura K, Murai K, Nakashima T, Niwa H, Nomura Y, Kobayashi H,
Oda M, Okamoto M, Shitara T, Sakagami M, Tono T, Usami S.
Effect of single-drug treatment on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Auris Nasus Larynx.
2003;
30 (2)
123-127
- 319
Sakata E, Nakazawa H, Iwashita N.
[Therapy of tinnitus. Tympanic cavity infusion of lidocaine and steroid solution].
Auris Nasus Larynx.
1984;
11 (1)
11-18
- 320
Atkins D, Best D, Briss P A, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt G H, Harbour R T,
Haugh M C, Henry D, Hill S, Jaeschke R, Leng G, Liberati A, Magrini N, Mason J, Middleton P,
Mrukowicz J, O'Connell D, Oxman A D, Phillips B, Schunemann H J, Edejer T T, Varonen H,
Vist G E, Williams J W, Jr, Zaza S.
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
BMJ.
2004;
328 (7454)
1490
- 321
Izumikawa M, Minoda R, Kawamoto K, Abrashkin K A, Swiderski D L, Dolan D F, Brough D E,
Raphael Y.
Auditory hair cell replacement and hearing improvement by Atoh1 gene therapy in deaf
mammals.
Nat Med.
2005 Feb 13;
(Epub ahead of print)
- 322
Sage C, Huang M, Karimi K, Gutierrez G, Vollrath M A, Zhang D S, Garcia-Anoveros J,
Hinds P W, Corwin J T, Corey D P, Chen Z Y.
Proliferation of functional hair cells in vivo in the absence of the retinoblastoma
protein.
Science.
2005 Feb 18;
307 (5712)
1114-1118
Dr. med. Stefan Plontke
Klinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde am Universitätsklinikum Tübingen
Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 5 · 72076 Tübingen
eMail: Stefan. Plontke@uni-tuebingen. de
