Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Auswertung des geburtshilflichen Managements von HIV-positiven Schwangeren in Bezug
zu prä-, peri- und postpartalen Komplikationen und der vertikalen Transmissionsrate.
Patientinnen und Methoden: Retrospektive Untersuchung von 88 HIV-positiven Schwangerschaften, welche im Zeitraum
1.1.1997-31.12.2001 an der Universitäts-Frauenklinik Frankfurt entbunden wurden. Ergebnisse: HIV-positive Schwangere wiesen signifikant mehr präpartale Komplikationen auf als
das Vergleichskollektiv. Es konnte keine Korrelation zwischen einer erniedrigten CD4-Zellzahl
(< 200/µl) bzw. einer erhöhten Viruslast (> 10 000 HIV-Kopien/ml) und der Häufigkeit
von transmissionsrelevanten Komplikationen nachgewiesen werden. Nahezu alle Schwangeren
(85/88) erhielten eine antiretrovirale Therapie (ART). Die vertikale HIV-Transmissionsrate
lag bei 3,4 % (3/89 Kindern, mit ART 2,5 % [2/86], ohne ART 33,3 % [1/3]). Schwangerschaften
mit Komplikationen wiesen höhere Transmissionsraten auf (2/26 [7,7 %] vs. 1/61 [1,6
%]). Ebenso erhöhte sich die Transmissionsrate bei Kindern, welche ≤ 35. Schwangerschaftswoche
entbunden wurden (5,3 % vs. 2,9 %). 98 % der Schwangeren (n = 86) wurden per Sectio
caesarea entbunden (geplant: n = 71, vorzeitig: n = 15, spontan: n = 2). Die postpartale
Komplikationsrate zwischen HIV-positiven und -negativen Schwangeren unterschied sich
nicht. Kein Kind wurde gestillt. Schlussfolgerung: Durch die Betreuung dieser Risikoschwangerschaften in einem HIV-spezialisierten Zentrum
und bei Beachtung der Behandlungsempfehlungen kann die vertikale Transmissionsrate
deutlich minimiert werden.
Abstract
Objective: The management of HIV-positive pregnancies was investigated in conjunction to pre-,
peri and postpartal complications and the HIV transmission rate. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of 88 HIV-positive patients who were delivered at the Dept. of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology during 1.1.1997-31.12.2001. Results: HIV-positive patients showed significantly more prepartal complications, compared
to control group. Low CD4-cell count (≤ 200/µl) or high viral load (> 10 000 HIV-copies/ml)
was not associated with increased risk for transmission relevant complications. The
overall HIV-transmission rate was 3.4 % (3/89 newborns; with ART 2.5 % [2/85], without
ART 33.3 % [1/3]). The transmission rate increased with complications during pregnancy
(7.7 % [2/26] vs. 1.6 % [1/61]). Newborns delivered ≤ 35th week of gestation showed a transmission rate of 5.3 % compared to 2.9 % of newborns
delivered after the 35th week of gestation. 98 % of the patients were delivered by cesarean section (primary:
n = 71, prior: n = 15), spontaneously: n = 2). 97 % of patients (85/88) were treated
with antiretroviral therapy (ART). No differences were found in the post-partal complication
rate of HIV-positive to -negative patients. None of the newborns was breast feeded.
Conclusions: Treatment of this risk-pregnancies in HIV experienced centers significantly reduces
the risk of HIV transmission.
Schlüsselwörter
HIV - Schwangerschaft - vertikale Transmission - Komplikationen
Key words
HIV - pregnancy - vertical transmission - complications
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Priv. Doz. Dr. med. A. Ahr
Gynäkologische Praxis am Ziegelturm
Am Ziegelturm 4
63571 Gelnhausen
Phone: 00 49/60 51/44 34
Fax: 00 49/60 51/52 66
Email: Ahr@em.uni-frankfurt.de