Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Patienten mit Achondroplasie haben ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko für Apnoen bei zervikaler
Myelopathie. Die Indikation zur operativen okzipitalen Dekompression kann aber nicht
immer allein anhand der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) gestellt werden, da häufig
Signalalterationen und ossäre Kompressionen des kranio-zervikalen Übergangs ohne funktionelle
Relevanz bestehen. Fallbericht: Bei einem reifen männlichen Neugeborenen mit Achondroplasie traten ab dem ersten
Lebenstag immer wieder einzelne, teilweise mit Maskenbeatmung behandlungsbedürftige
Apnoen auf. Nach Ausschluss anderer Ursachen zeigte ein MRT von Schädel und Halswirbelsäule
eine Einengung des Foramen magnum bei relativ engem oberen Zervikalkanal. Signalalterationen
von Hirnstamm oder Zervikalmark bestanden nicht. Somato-sensibel evozierte Potenziale
(SSEP) des N. medianus ergaben gut ableitbare Potenziale am Erb'schen Punkt beidseits.
Kortikal fanden sich bei linksseitiger Stimulation nur stark deformierte und bei rechtsseitiger
Stimulation keine ableitbaren Potenziale. Daraufhin erfolgte die operative Dekompression
des kraniozervikalen Übergangs, wonach das Kind beschwerdefrei war. Die Nachuntersuchung
ergab sowohl im MRT als auch neurophysiologisch eine deutliche Besserung. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ableitung von SSEP kann bei Neugeborenen mit Achondroplasie die funktionelle
Relevanz von im MRT nachgewiesenen ossären Kompressionen des kranio-zervikalen Übergangs
sichern und die Indikationsstellung zur Operation erleichtern.
Abstract
Background: Patients with achondroplasia have an increased risk of apnoea due to cervical myelopathy.
The indication for operative decompression can not be made by MRI alone, because signal
alteration and osseous compression of the cervico-medullary region without functional
relevance are frequent in this disease. Case report: We report on a male new-born with achondroplasia who displayed apnoeas from the first
day of life. Two times, mask ventilation had to be performed. After exclusion of other
diseases potentially causing apnoeas, an MRI of the skull and cervical spine revealed
cervico-medullary compression due to foramen magnum stenosis, but no signal alterations
of brain stem and cervical mark. Recording of somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
of the median nerve showed normal potentials at Erb's point. By contrast, cortical
potentials were distinctly abnormal during left-sided stimulation and could not be
recorded during right-sided stimulation. Based on these findings, operative decompression
of the craniocervical region was performed which led immediately to complete remission
of clinical symptoms. At follow-up, MRI revealed a normal width of the foramen magnum
and SSEP were markedly improved. Conclusion: In new-borns with Achondroplasia, SSEP can confirm the functional relevance of osseous
compression of the cervico-medullary region, and facilitate the decision for operative
decompression.
Schlüsselwörter
Achondroplasie - zervikale Myelopathie - MRT - SSEP - kranio-zervikale Dekompression
Key words
achondroplasia - cervical myelopathy - MRI - somato-sensory evoked potentials - craniocervical
decompression
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Dr. Andreas Hahn
Abteilung für Neuropädiatrie · Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin der Justus-Liebig-Universität
Feulgenstr. 12
35385 Gießen
Phone: 06 41/9 94 34 81
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Email: Andreas.Hahn@paediat.med.uni-giessen.de